Analysis Of The Story Little Women - 1829 Words

1. Jo March 2. Jo has a tomboy attitude. She lets her anger get the best of her sometimes. Jo also shows signs of rebellion out of the four girls. 3. Jo will often times let her anger cause her to act out on other people and it ending up in a bad situation. She is very head strong and thinks that she can do things on her own with no help needed. 4. Jo is the main character in Little Women 5. Jo is an important person because the story ‘Little Women’ revolves around her. She has a large part in the story and among the sisters. 1. Meg March 2. Meg is a good girl who loves to help out anyway she can one way is by watching the King children. When Meg gets older she starts to love money, but she unfortunately marries a poor man. That is okay†¦show more content†¦3. Laurie things of the March girls in a very kind perspective. He is very want the best but and for all. 4. Laurie asked Jo to marry him. He is a very goof childhood friend of the March girls. 5. Laurie gives the girls someone to play with when they were younger. He shows the girls what it is like to care for someone. Allison Glaser World Literature May 18, 2017 Mr. Keseman Little Women In December, the March girls Meg, Jo, Amy, and Beth sat at home. They lived with their parents and the family servant, Hannah. The March family used to be very wealthy, but Mr. March lost all of it and had to serve as the Union in the Civil War. He was not going to be home for Christmas and this disappointed the girls. The March’s had very rich neighbors. One of those neighbors was Mr. Laurence had gave the March family a very nice dinner in thankfulness for the nice play they had put on. Jo really enjoyed the food Mr. Laurence had brought the previous night. She wanted to meet Mr. Laurence’s grandson because she wasn’t one who liked to play with girls. Jo was most definitely a tom-boy. One day, Jo was in the attic reading, which was of her most favorite things to do. Meg came up to tell her that they had been invited to a New Year’s Eve party over at Mr. Laurence’s house. Jo didn’t want to go, but she went anyway. She knew no one there and was scared a boy would ask her to dance which she did not one to do. She went to hide and that’s when she met Laurie Laurence, Mr. Laurence’sShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper992 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper In the story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman she writes of a woman severely oppressed in her marriage. The women in the story is an open mind individual. John; her husband is a psychologist and thinks that his wife has a mental disorder because of all the free thinking and puts her through the rest cure. 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Robert Nardelli s Leadership Style - 1338 Words

When one thinks of the retail giant Home Depot they think of reasonably priced items that will aid them in home improvement projects. In the business world though, the mention of this chain store brings to mind the controversial CEO Robert Nardelli who left an organizational path of destruction upon his departure from the company. Nardelli had an interesting leadership style that bordered on the edge of being considered unethical and was considered by many as not being beneficial for the company overall. By evaluating Robert Nardelli’s leadership style against known leadership theories such as trait, behavioral, situational and contingency theories it is easy to dissect his leadership style and make a final decision as to how ethical he†¦show more content†¦One of the theories that can be used to dissect Nardelli’s role as a leader is the trait theory. Trait theories are based upon the concept that leaders are simply born with a set of traits such as social , personal, and personality traits and also physical characteristics that outline how they are as a leader (Baack, 2012). Nardelli had a good foundation of traits for being a leader but there were some personality traits that kept him from being a great leader. He had a strong desire for setting and achieving goals but his interactions with people, employees and customers alike, were what caused him problems. Robert Nardelli was not known as being a personable individual and tended to focus more on the numbers that the stores were generating rather than the people that were providing those numbers. As a leader it is important to be balanced between the two aspects as you cannot have one without the other. It is impossible to lead people if there is no desire to relate to them and this is the issue that Nardelli was faced with. The profits that an organization is generating can only take you so far; it is the people that need to be the focus first and then one can move on to oth er aspects. Whereas trait theory believed that leadership traits are something and individual is born with, behavioral theory is based on the concept that

Report on International Marketing Management-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss why and how Unilever Bangladesh should standardize or adapt its product (Rexona) in the Chinese Market. Answer: Introduction and Background The battle to balance stewardship and economic growth in the global market environment continues. Over the last decade, China has grown to be an excellent destination for international trade(Philip, et al., 2011, p. 8). New communication strategies have helped most companies go global, and this has increased competition for market internationally. Unilever Bangladesh operates globally in more than 100 countries worldwide. Currently, Unilever delivers more than 400 brands to its markets, China being among them. However, as a consultant of Unilever Bangladesh, there is a need to market the Rexona brand to diversify its market in China given that China has a wider market of consumers (Geppert and Dorrenbacher, 2014, p. 240). Since its inception in 1964, Unilever Bangladesh has attracted a diverse range of customers in the whole globe. International marketing faces numerous challenges, and the company must understand them before launching its newly improved product (Rexona) to the Chines e market (www.unilever.com.bd). There are adverse regulations by the China government, stiff competition from other firms and unpredictable economic downturns just to mention a few(Philip, et al., 2011, p. 400). This report follows two components to achieve the set aims. Foreign market entry is enabled through joint ventures, exporting, franchising, licensing, and turnkey projects. As a consultant of Unilever Bangladesh, franchising will be the primary market entry strategy for the company. The report will examine the policy decision of standardizing the Rexona product in the companys franchise in the context of international product management. The study will also review the benefits possible to occur if the standardizing approach is employed about product management models (Khanna and Palepu, 2010, p. 100). Further, the report will evaluate the benefits of the sales force in marketing Unilever Bangladesh Rexona brand to the Chinese market. An evaluation of the benefits of using sales force in communication mix will also get undertaken. Product Standardization and Adaptation With over 50 years of experience in the market, Unilever Bangladesh (FMCG) connects both directly and indirectly to its consumers. Unilever enjoys a worldwide brand recognition, and this acts as the key driver for success in the Chinese market. In the context of international product development, different policy decisions have been considered by the companys consultant. Why Standardization? Standardization involves the setting of same attributes for a particular product, in this case, Rexona. Over the past decade, the debate on whether to adapt or standardize a new product has received significant attention in international marketing (Lee and Lieberman, 2010, p. 150). Standardization is used due to various reasons as explained below: Leads to Production economies: The standardization of Rexona brand by Unilever would result to better planning and control, improved economies of scale, and proper utilization of the sales workforce at the company in its global market being exploited. Reduction of production costs: The entry into the foreign market (Chinese market) by Unilever significantly reduces the company's production costs due to franchising and the use of joint ventures with other firms. Standardization of the Rexona product would help Unilever lower the cost of production hence increasing profitability (De Mooij, 2013, p. 24). Smooth performance monitoring: Expanding the newly Rexona brand that is standardized regarding quality and price by Unilever to the Chinese market would assist in lowering the unit design expenditures hence gaining a competitive edge over the rivals in the international marketing (Navarro et al., 2010, p. 155). In this report, the decision of whether to use standardization or adaptation strategy is influenced by the external (China) market environment. Different issues such as political, economic, cultural, and social impacts on different markets, hence the strategy to adopt by Unilever at the Chinese market. The management of Unilever Bangladesh needs to adopt the standardization strategy in selling its Rexona brand in China. Impact of PESTEL on Unilever Political-legal environment Unilever has established strategies of tackling the potential political and legal issues in the Chinese market. There are legislations by the government that govern business operations in the Chinese market (Yuksel, 2012, p. 52). The company has enhanced prices control land expatriates employment in a manner that complies with China policies. Economic environment Unilevers marketing operations to China depends on Chinas economy. The success of the company in the marketing of Rexona will depend on the economic growth and stability in the country. Further, the rise of peoples wages in China presents an excellent opportunity for Unilever to make more sales hence profitability (Yuksel, 2012, p. 52). Social environment Sociocultural trends impact on Unilevers marketing strategies in the Chinese market. Unilever needs to modify the Rexona before marketing it in the market to ensure that the brand addresses consumer's interests and demands and that it is not against the Chinese culture, beliefs, and norms. Technological environment The success of an MNC depends on the type of technology used in marketing their products to the target market. The rising business automation in the world requires Unilever to use e-commerce in doing its business. Marketing Rexona over the companys website offers the right opportunity for the company to enter the Chinese market (Yuksel, 2012, p. 52). Ecological Environment Ecological trends have an influence on Unilevers remote environment at China. The effects of the natural environment affect the marketing strategies of the company. The increase in environmental programs complexities in China require Unilever to be socially responsible to attract a wider market. Unilever Bangladesh's food and personal care product success in the global market is substantially associated with the standardization strategy used by the management when selling a new product internationally(Philip, et al., 2011, p. 166). Given that consumers in the market demand adjusted and high quality products, Unilever should ensure a sustained standardization of its Rexona brand that is getting marketed to the China market to suit the consumer culture. Why Adaptation? The adaptation strategy refers to the marketing strategy where a company modifies new products. Most multinational corporations (MNCs) adapt their marketing strategies when going global, even at the international arena where diverse brands of goods are universally prevalent (Moore et al., 2010, p. 161). For example, Unilever markets home care products, fast foods, water purifiers, and personal care products. However, this report focuses on Unilevers marketing strategy to win the Chinese market for its newly modified Rexona. Unilever's adaptation decisions when entering the Chinese market would influence its competitive position and performance over its rivals. Some researchers postulate that adaptation approach is more efficient since consumers vary across cultural differences. For instance, China is a country whose cultural diversity is vast. In the choice of export market variables by the management of the company, the market similarity between Bangladesh and China needs priority. The proper planning and firm Rexona adaptation in the Chinese market add strength to its export performance. Porters Five Forces Competitive rivalry Unilever faces stiff competition from Procter Gamble and McDonalds among other players in the industry. In marketing Rexona at China, Unilever should use aggressive price cuts and marketing campaigns to attract more customers. Supplier power As an MNC, Unilever has various suppliers for its raw materials that manufacture Rexona. The company needs to understand market demand in China and choose that supplier who can offer the right quality. Choosing the right supplier helps in delivering the preferred brand quality in the market (Porter, 2008, p. 33). Buyer power Maintaining the Rexona quality is the key determinant of customer attraction and retention by Unilever in China. The company should target reliable and loyal customers whose purchasing power is unquestionable. Unilever's ability to supply Rexona in the market depends on the number of buyers (Porter, 2008, p. 40). Threat of substitution The likelihood of customers finding an alternative company or product would determine the rate of success for Unilever in marketing Rexona to China. However, the marketing of unique and favorable offers by the company automates success, and this hinders people from outsourcing or finding another dealer. Threat of new entry Unilevers position in the Chinese market depends on other MNCs ability to enter the market. Entry of new companies in the market is a threat to Unilevers Rexona brand, hence the company needs to improve and standardize its product feautures in a manner that attracts the target market (Porter, 2008, p. 28). Benefits of Standardization compared to adapting approach Entering the Chinese market with new marketing strategies will help Unilever maximize its profitability. The decision to standardize the Rexona brand by Unilever will offer the company benefits which could not arise given the adaptation approach is preferred. The potential benefits include: Standardization of the Rexona brand would provide Unilever significant cost advantages such as reduced production costs and increased economies of production. The standardization approach allows for the consistent presentation of brand image worldwide hence attracting choice from many customers in the targetted country as compared to the adaptation approach. Unlike adaptation strategy, using standardization strategy to enter global market enables a firm employ similar advertisement techniques, packages, and presentations hence reducing operations costs. The adoption of standardization approach would help Unilever Bangladesh develop unique global marketing strategies that suit the Chinese market. The Rexona Unilever brand image is associated with diversity, dynamism, and active global lifestyle. The decision by Unilever to use adaptation approach in marketing this product might negatively compromise its identity in the Chinese market. High speed is guaranteed in the implementation of standardization strategy by Unilever since the marketing mix is already known to the marketing sales force of the company. How to Standardize or Adapt? Examination of the standardizing and adapting approach Product standardization across different markets has become a significant issue for managers going global to consider. In 2015, Unilever secured a partnership agreement with the Chinese government that enhanced its collaborative marketing strategies of its new products in the market (Schilke et al., 2009, p. 30). This gives Unilever an edge to thrive in the Chinese market given that the Chinese consumers know its products. The knowing of the quality and the price of Rexona products by consumers necessitates the standardization of the newly modified Rexona in an approach to international marketing. On the other hand, product adaptation approach is increasingly becoming an important factor that marketing managers of global companies consider. Perhaps, product adaptation significantly influences multinational corporations foreign market entry marketing programs. Unilever is an MNC, and international marketing is required in an endeavor to aid market penetration of the newly modified Rexona in the Chinese market. While past research argues that standardization enhances performance in the market, today's research recommends a combination of the two strategies. However, the combination of the two options will be costly to Unilever and hence impossible. Therefore, Unilever Bangladesh needs to consider using standardization approach other than adaptation strategy. This is because standardization is a cheaper plan whose marketing fits all cultures in the market. Further, standardization will offer the company large economies of scale in the market. Standardizing the companys marketing mix and strategy would also help the company save marketing costs in promoting the product to the global arena. Further, the firm would have more competitive prices and high quality product brands that suit both the local and worldwide consumer demands. International product management model Unilever Bangladesh's success in marketing the Rexona brand depends on the skills and innovativeness of the product manager. The advanced technology has made international marketing challenging, complex, and competitive. Unilever should adopt an excellent product management model to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in its Chinese market entry plan. The international product management model to get used by Unilever is: Blackblot product management team model Unilever should train its sales force on strategies of implementing marketing plans. The company should focus on the technological challenges that affect their operations and hinder their success in marketing their product to other foreign markets. Blackblots model will help in transforming product modification and enhance Rexona acceptance in China. International product management principals The marketing of Rexona by Unilever in China will be based on the following product management principals: Understanding the target market: The marketing managers of Unilever must understand the market demands and needs before delivering the Rexona brand in the market. Educate consumers on the product use: Through company websites, it is the responsibility of a product manager of Unilever to inform customers on how to use the product. Making it easy for consumers to use the product grants customers loyalty. Sales Force within Marketing Communication Mix Marketing personnel plays a critical role in the marketing communication mix of a company. While international marketing is a significant trend in the modern business world, the right sales force determines the rate of success that a company would have in its foreign market entry strategies. Why is Sales Force Key? MNCs rely on the sales force in their endeavor to go global (Terpstra et al., 2012, p. 45). There is need to support the sales force by giving them sufficient and appropriate resources to market the companys Rexona in the Chinese market. The different sales force has different talents, skills, and abilities to persuade new markets. For example, the introduction of finger-licking good fare by KFC to China was facilitated by its sales force, and this slogan excited the Chinese consumers. In this regard, there are potential underlying benefits of valuing sales force within the marketing mix of Unilever as discussed below: Potential Benefits of Sales Force in International Markets The global marketplace requires highly innovative and creative sales force to explore. Realizing the marketing success by Unilever Bangladesh is determined by the ability and quality of its sales personnel. The sales force needs to understand different cultures and language for the Chinese customers to persuade them easily to buy Unilevers Rexona product (Chung et al., 2012, p. 80). The potential benefits for Unilever from its sales force in entering the Chinese market include: Sales force lead conversions in the foreign markets: The use of Salesforce by Unilever when selling its modified Rexona brand to China would help in bridging the gap between the consumer demands and the quality of product that meets customer needs. Salesforce would help Unilever advertise the Rexona product to the Chinese market and assist in building on the current awareness that the customers have on the product in the market. Potential business growth: Sales force would assist the company to build customers loyalty to the product getting marketed in the market (Rexona). Consumer loyalty and trust on the companys product would help in increasing sales hence strengthening its position in the Chinese market. There is a potential for the trustworthy customers to recommend Unilever to their colleagues through the online webs and business cards offered to them by the sales force. Customer attraction and retention: Personal selling by the sales force of the company plays a critical role in building a brand reputation to the market. Excellent sales personnel of Unilever creates a long lasting impression on the consumer and hence attracting new customers in the Chinese market (Klug, 2006, p. 10). Provided the sales force of the firm offer after sales services to their consumers when they purchase the Rexona brand, this has a potential impact on customer retention and reduces consumer complaints. Product development and features improvement: Sales force, directly and indirectly, impacts on the development of the product (Rexona) features. The interaction of salespeople with the Chinese customers gives them a chance to collect information regarding the modified product. As a result, the sales personnel take these recommendations to the marketing manager of the company which in turn helps Unilever understand the market demand and offer the right standardized product as required by the consumer (Johnston and Marshall, 2016, p. 88). Potential Benefits of Sales Force in Marketing Communication Mix The marketing communication mix involves the product, price, promotion, and the place combination. When entering international markets, most companies use the components of marketing and communication mix (promotional mix). Unilever's attempt to enter the Chinese market in the commercialization of its Rexona brand requires the use of advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotions. Brand positioning in the international marketing requires proper understanding of the target audience by the company (Jackson and Sorensen, 2015, p. 99). Unilever must involve the 4P's i.e. product, price, place, and promotion when marketing the Rexona product in the Chinese market. However, the last P of the marketing mix- Promotion requires proper coordination and right sales force to connect to the targeted market effectively (Hutt and Speh, 2005, p. 68). The use of the marketing and communication mix when marketing its Rexona products in the global market gives Unilever potential benefits of growth as discussed in every mix below: Sales promotion: The primary role of the sales force in a company is sales promotion. The sales people of Unilever should make the use of premiums, contests, and coupons in the China market and this offers the company potential to attract attention, dramatize offers, stimulate consumer response, provide excellent buying incentives, and boost sagging sales (Ernst et al., 2010, p. 90). The use of sales people in sales promotion is relevant to Unilever when entering the market. With licensing to operate in China, the company has a potential to enhance Rexona brand preferences in the market hence gain a competitive edge. Public relations: The exporting and foreign direct investment (FDI) foreign market entry strategies require public relations back up for a company to thrive in the Chinese market. Sales persons ability to relate well with the target audience will offer the business highly credible and believable sales for its brand. Using sales force would assist Unilever to reach many prospects via other promotional forms at a cheaper expense (De Mooij, 2010, p. 80). Further, public relations offers the sales people many ways of exploiting the newly identified China market through the review of new product features, global news stories on the brand, and sponsorship events. Direct marketing: The use of highly skilled and talented sales force by the company will help Unilever undertake online marketing of Rexona, direct emailing to the acquired clients, and in conducting telephone marketing. Sales forces have the ability to understand customers mood through their interactions experienced in other global markets. Whenever this is a challenge to the company, there is an opportunity to consider sending messages to retailers with special orders (Buckley and Casson, 2010, p. 150). Online and print surveys undertaken by the sales force helps the company in understanding market trends. How is Sales Force Management Key? Foreign market entry requires proper sales force management by the company. The sales force is the most important asset in an organization in its attempt to sell a new product in a foreign market. Sales personnel research and innovate new marketing techniques that help a company enter and thrive in the international market (Terpstra et al., 2012, p. 44). In particular, Unilever's success in entering the Chinese market depends on the firm's ability to manage its sales people. Unilever is focused on managing the talents, culture, skills, and behaviors of its sales force. The first stage of foreign market entry is marketing the product, and this is the key role for sales force in the firm (Craig and Douglas, 2005, p. 100). There is a potential return on investment from the efforts employed by the sales personnel in marketing the Rexona brand to the Chinese market. This necessitates the company to offer a conducive environment and adequate resources to the sales people to enable them to win more markets. The proper sales force management by the company improves their morale and commitment to market the Rexona product in the market. Sales people have a direct relationship with the target audience, and this offers them a perfect opportunity to understand what the market demands before embarking on the venture (Blocker et al., 2012, p. 20). Sales people play a critical role in setting the price for the product since they are the ones distributing samples to the consumers. Unilever must understand that sales people help in optimizing product distribution to the Chinese market and that valuing their input ideas contributes directly to the diversified market and product acceptance in the market. Sales force implementation plan For the sales force to be effective, a well detailted plan of how it will be implemented should be provided. The first step should be planning the integration. This will be possible by definining the objectives that need to be achieved. Recruiting the best person to lead this task force and outlining the tasks tp be performed by the sales force will help in having effective sales force (Mantrala , Raman, 2013). Educating the team will be next step. In this step, the manager should dedicate his/her time on educating the team on what need to be done so as to perform their duties well. The vision and objectives of the team should also be well communicated. The manager also needs to train the sales force so that they can gain all the skills needed for perforance of their tasks. The third step of the implementaion plan should be preparing the data. The manager should clean the data and ensure it is up to date to avoid facing obstacles that related to data that may hinder them from fulfilling their tasks. Determine which data to be to be given to the task force so as to ensure delicate and confidential data is not given to the wrong personell (Johnston, Marshall, 2016). The fourth step will involve transfering data. In this case data will be transferd from the previous marketing platform to the new marketing platform which is sales force. This will involve preparing reports of the movement of the data. It will also involve evaluating the setting to ensure that the data is well configured so as to ensure its security. Tracking the progress of the plan will be the fifth step. In this step, the manager wants to ensure that every activity is happening according to the plan. This stage requires alot of feedback from the involved stakeholders. The sixth and last step will be to update and communicate to the to the task force( Buttle, Ang, Iriana, 2010). From the feedback provided in the previous step, the sales force team should be updated on what changes need to be done. This will help to correct the deviations encountered so that the plan can work well and achieve the desired goals and objectives. Conclusion The main aim of this report was investigating the extent over which multinational corporations (MNCs) standardize or adapt a product brand when going global. The study selected Unilever Bangladeshs (FMCG) Rexona product to advise the company on why and how to market the modified brand to the Chinese market. In order to fulfill the objectives of the report, the extent of which Unilever can adapt or standardize its Rexona brand, and the importance of sales force in the marketing of the product at the global market has been discussed. The study concludes that Unilever should standardize its product when marketing it internationally, in particular to China given its immense benefits, unlike the adaption strategy. Further, the report concludes that Unilever should value the input of its sales force when marketing the new product in the international market since this plays a critical role in product success and sales growth in the global market. 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Flagship stores as a market entry method: the perspective of luxury fashion retailing.European Journal of Marketing,44(1/2), pp.139-161. Navarro, A., Losada, F., Ruzo, E. and Dez, J.A., 2010. Implications of perceived competitive advantages, adaptation of marketing tactics and export commitment on export performance.Journal of world business,45(1), pp.49-58. Philip, C. R., Mary, G. C. John, G. L., 2011. International Marketing. 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Porter, M.E., 2008. The five competitive forces that shape strategy.Harvard business review,86(1), pp.25-40. Schilke, O., Reimann, M., and Thomas, J.S., 2009. When does international marketing standardization matter to firm performance?. Journal of International Marketing,17(4), pp.24-46. Shoham, A., Brencic, M.M., Virant, V., and Ruvio, A., 2008. International standardization of channel management and its behavioral and performance outcomes. Journal of International Marketing,16(2), pp.120-151. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. www.unilever.com.bd Yksel, ?., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), p.52

Is the Bible divinely inspired Essay Example

Is the Bible divinely inspired Essay To say that the Bible is divinely inspired is suggesting that people who were given supernatural influence from God wrote it. Its different from believing the Bible is just the word of man. It is as if God puts words into peoples heads and they transfer them to paper. This is the literal view of the Bible; people who look at the Bible in this light take everyone as completely genuine and significant. Simply by reading the Bible it would seem that this doesnt make sense, as in the Bible there are mistakes. In the Bible there are some statements that seem extreme or out of place these would more than likely be considered as mistakes. If however God were perfect, which he is considered by Christians to be, then surely these mistakes would not exist.However the Bible is of cause said to be the word of God, so without taking this quite so literally it must have been inspired in some way. There is a big difference between something that is divinely inspired and something that is simply ins pired. Much of the Bible was written at the time Jesus walked the Earth so many people who saw Jesus were undoubtedly influenced by him and would write down all they new about him. They may not have been directly influenced by the divine (God), but they were inspired by what they saw of his son on Earth.This would seem more logical and would go some way to explaining the mistakes found in the Bible. This is like the view the Conservative Christians would take on the Bible. They realise the Bible is inspired by God but look at the mistakes and change in time to realise that it cant be the genuine word from God. Unlike the Literal view the conservative view allows some space for the individual to interpret what they think a passage is trying to convey. Literal believers accept every word to be exact and try to follow what it says, as it is what God says. This has its downfalls though, as some areas of the Bible contradict each other.The easiest example of this would be the creation st ory, the Bible contains two different accounts, and literalists would though state that one is simply an interpretation of the other. Different people look at the Bible differently, and so some do consider it to be the genuine word from God. On the other hand some would take a much more liberal view, they believe the books are influenced by their others own lives rather than by direct influence from God. These believers would still believe that God influenced the Bible, but not by directly communicating with the authors. These Christians would agree that Jesus life on Earth heavily influenced what was written down.Despite some people taking the Bible literally, and others seeing it as more of an account about God, there are some people who chose to accept some parts yet not others. This viewpoint is popular amongst Catholic Christians; they allow decisions on what passages mean to be made by the Church, usually via the Pope. This doesnt allow the individual to simply do what they fe el the Bible is telling them to do.Personally I think the conservative view is the best way to approach the Bible, it must be given authority yet we must also accept there are errors in its text.It really is the main evidence, which gives an account of Jesus life and also a description of what God is and what he does. To me although the thought of the Bible being divinely inspired seems comforting, it doesnt seem realistic. Even simple questions seem to suggest against God inspiring the Bible such as, why have so many authors if it all came from one being?Christians should read the Bible as a book which was written when God related closer with humans, and accept that communication and language have changed greatly since, hence the fact that some stories some misplaced in the modern version of the Bible. It isnt possible to rule out the Bible being divinely inspired but it seems logical for it to have been about God rather than by God.I would agree there are parts of the Bible were p rophets have been spoken to by God and have wrote down their revelation, but we cant treat the entire book in this way. Is the Bible divinely inspired Essay Example Is the Bible divinely inspired Essay To say that the Bible is divinely inspired is suggesting that people who were given supernatural influence from God wrote it. Its different from believing the Bible is just the word of man. It is as if God puts words into peoples heads and they transfer them to paper. This is the literal view of the Bible; people who look at the Bible in this light take everyone as completely genuine and significant. Simply by reading the Bible it would seem that this doesnt make sense, as in the Bible there are mistakes. In the Bible there are some statements that seem extreme or out of place these would more than likely be considered as mistakes. If however God were perfect, which he is considered by Christians to be, then surely these mistakes would not exist.However the Bible is of cause said to be the word of God, so without taking this quite so literally it must have been inspired in some way. There is a big difference between something that is divinely inspired and something that is simply ins pired. Much of the Bible was written at the time Jesus walked the Earth so many people who saw Jesus were undoubtedly influenced by him and would write down all they new about him. They may not have been directly influenced by the divine (God), but they were inspired by what they saw of his son on Earth.This would seem more logical and would go some way to explaining the mistakes found in the Bible. This is like the view the Conservative Christians would take on the Bible. They realise the Bible is inspired by God but look at the mistakes and change in time to realise that it cant be the genuine word from God. Unlike the Literal view the conservative view allows some space for the individual to interpret what they think a passage is trying to convey. Literal believers accept every word to be exact and try to follow what it says, as it is what God says. This has its downfalls though, as some areas of the Bible contradict each other.The easiest example of this would be the creation st ory, the Bible contains two different accounts, and literalists would though state that one is simply an interpretation of the other. Different people look at the Bible differently, and so some do consider it to be the genuine word from God. On the other hand some would take a much more liberal view, they believe the books are influenced by their others own lives rather than by direct influence from God. These believers would still believe that God influenced the Bible, but not by directly communicating with the authors. These Christians would agree that Jesus life on Earth heavily influenced what was written down.Despite some people taking the Bible literally, and others seeing it as more of an account about God, there are some people who chose to accept some parts yet not others. This viewpoint is popular amongst Catholic Christians; they allow decisions on what passages mean to be made by the Church, usually via the Pope. This doesnt allow the individual to simply do what they fe el the Bible is telling them to do.Personally I think the conservative view is the best way to approach the Bible, it must be given authority yet we must also accept there are errors in its text.It really is the main evidence, which gives an account of Jesus life and also a description of what God is and what he does. To me although the thought of the Bible being divinely inspired seems comforting, it doesnt seem realistic. Even simple questions seem to suggest against God inspiring the Bible such as, why have so many authors if it all came from one being?Christians should read the Bible as a book which was written when God related closer with humans, and accept that communication and language have changed greatly since, hence the fact that some stories some misplaced in the modern version of the Bible. It isnt possible to rule out the Bible being divinely inspired but it seems logical for it to have been about God rather than by God.I would agree there are parts of the Bible were p rophets have been spoken to by God and have wrote down their revelation, but we cant treat the entire book in this way.

Employee Benefits Required By Law Essays - Social Security, Economy

Employee Benefits Required by Law Employee Benefits Required by Law The legally required employee benefits constitute nearly a quarter of the benefits package that employers provide. These benefits include employer contributions to Social Security, unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation insurance. Altogether such benefits represent about twenty-one and half percent of payroll costs. Social Security Social Security is the federally administered insurance system. Under current federal laws, both employer and employee must pay into the system, and a certain percentage of the employee's salary is paid up to a maximum limit. Social Security is mandatory for employees and employers. The most noteworthy exceptions are state and local government employees. The Social Security Act was passed in 1935. It provides an insurance plan designed to indemnify covered individuals against loss of earnings resulting from various causes. This loss of earnings may result from retirement, unemployment, disability, or the case of dependents, the death of the person supporting them. Social Security does not pay off except in the case where a loss of income through loss of employment actually is incurred. In order to be eligible for old age and survivors insurance (OASI) as well as disability and unemployment insurance under the Social Security Act, an individual must have been engaged in employment covered by the Act. Most employment in private enterprise, most types of self-employment, active military service after 1956 and employment in certain nonprofit organizations and governmental agencies are subject to coverage under the Act. Railroad workers and United States civil service employees who are covered by their own systems and some occupational groups, under certain conditions, are exempted form the Act. The Social Security Program is supported by means of a tax levied against an employee's earnings which must be matched buy the employer. Self-employed persons are required to pay a tax on their earnings at a rate, which is higher than that paid by employees but less than the combined rates paid by employees and their employers. In order to receive old age insurance benefits, a person must have reached retirement age and be fully insured. A full-insured person is one who must have earned at least $50 in a quarter for a period of 40 quarters. It is possible for an individual who dies or becomes totally disabled at an early age to be classified as fully insured with less than 40 quarters. To receive old age insurance benefits, covered individuals must also meet the test of retirement. To meet this test, persons under 70 cannot be earning more than an established amount through gainful employment. This limitation of earnings does not include income from sources other than gainful employment such as investments or pensions. Social security retirement benefits consist of those benefits which individuals are entitled to receive in their own behalf, called the primary insurance amount, plus supplemental benefits for eligible dependents. These benefits can be determined from a prepared table. There are also both minimum and maximum limits to the amount that individuals and their dependents can receive. The Social Security program provides benefit payments to workers who are too severely disabled to engage in gainful employment. In order to be eligible for such benefits, an individual's disability must have existed for at least 6 month and must be expected to continue for at least 12 months. Those eligible for disability benefits must have worked under Social Security for a t least 5 out of the 10 years before becoming disabled. Disability benefits, which include auxiliary benefits for dependents, are computed on the same basis as retirement benefits and are converted to retirement benefits when the individual reaches the age of 65. The survivors' insurance benefits represent the form of life insurance that is paid to members of a deceased person's family who meet the requirements for eligibility. As in the case of life insurance, the benefits that the survivors of a covered individual's receive may be far in excess of their cost to this individual. Survivors of individuals, who were currently insured, as well as those who were fully insured at the time of death, are eligible to receive certain benefits, provided that the survivors meet other eligibility requirements. A currently insured person is one who has been covered during at least six out of the thirteen quarters prior death. Many people think of Social Security as a retirement program. But, retirement benefits are just one part of the Social Security program. Some of the Social Security taxes person pays go toward survivors insurance. In fact, the value of the survivors insurance he/she has under Social Security is probably more than the value of his/her individual life insurance. When someone

WHITE-COLLAR CRIME essay

WHITE-COLLAR CRIME essay WHITE-COLLAR CRIME essay WHITE-COLLAR CRIME essay  The term white-collar crime was first used by criminologist Edwin Sutherland back in 1939 for the various nonviolent crimes usually committed in commercial areas for financial gain (McNISH,  2010). There is a common misconception that the white-collar crimes do not have victims, and thus they are not that dangerous. Indeed, these crimes are committed without the use of weapons or threats of physical violence, but it does not mean that they are really harmless. According to the FBI, in the United States white collar crimes steal more than $ 300 billion a year (Gottschalk,  2011).All kinds of white collar crime are taking place in our community nowadays. The most wide spread crimes are fraud, fraud with bankruptcies, bribery, computer fraud, credit card fraud, counterfeiting and securities, corporate appropriation of funds, identity theft (using other peoples financial documents), securities transactions which use insider information, insurance fraud, mo ney laundering, obstruction of justice, perjury, tax evasion, economic espionage, artificial price bubble, etc (Williams,  R. (2013).With the rapid development of Internet technologies, there is a rapid development of Internet fraud schemes. For example, online investment scheme is one of the recent ones. Commission on Securities and Exchange Commission on Law Enforcement, and criminal trials indicate that criminals use two basic methods to manipulate securities markets for personal gain. First, in so-called pump-and-dump projects, they usually disseminate false or misleading information in order to cause a sharp rise in stock prices which are not in demand, or shares of companies not having substantial assets and leading operations. Immediately after that they sell their shares of such companies to get substantial profits before the stock price falls back to its normal low level. All other buyers of the stock, unaware of the falsity of the information, become victims of the schem e as soon as the price falls.For example, in one federal prosecution in Los Angeles, the defendants purchased shares in a bankrupt company NEI Webworld, Inc. for the sum of 130,000 dollars, directly or through an intermediary. Assets of NEI Webworld, Inc. had been liquidated several months before. Then the defendants sent e-mail messages to hundreds of Internet bulletin boards, falsely stating that wireless telecommunications company planned buyout of NEI Webworld. At the time defendants purchased shares of NEI Webworld, share price ranged from 9 to 13 cents apiece. However, one day share price of NEI Webworld rose in 45 minutes from $8 per share to $15.5-16, and half an hour later it fell to 25 cents per share. The defendants made ​​a profit of 362,625 US dollars (Benjamin,  2011).In another federal case in Los Angeles, a man who worked for California company PairGain Technologies, created a fake website Bloomberg news, which had fake news about the impending PairGa in Technologies acquisition by an Israeli company. He sent fraudulent e-mail messages with links to fake Bloomberg news site to financial news bulletins. On that day PairGain Technologies shares rose by about 30% before the company issued its own refuting press release (Wanless,  2010).At the moment in San Diego, there is a federal prosecution of massive fraud using the Internet and telemarketing to attract potential investors in the so-called general partnerships involving investments in high technology, such as Internet shopping mall and Internet access providers. The scheme defrauded more than 3,000 victims nationwide for nearly $ 50 million (Miller,  2013).Corruption, as one of the types of economic crimes, is very common in our society and it slows the development of the country. In the anti-corruption fight it is recommended to implement legislative reform, which would bring not harsher penalties for corruption, but simplification and reduction of state control (reducing t he frequency of inspections, tax cuts) in order to reduce the very possibility of abuse official position.However, legislative actions of the State can not make a decisive breakthrough in the fight against corruption (at least because of the fact that the fight against corruption sometimes is headed by corrupt officials). Decisive success is only possible by increasing the dependence of the state of citizens. This requires such long-term institutional reform as reducing the number and size of authorities, creation of special or even independent of the State institutes authorized to investigate allegations of corruption (for example, Sweden and some other countries have institution of Ombudsman), introduction of ethical standards for authorities, etc. Finally, the fight against corruption is impossible without the help of whistleblowers. In the US, the informant receives from 15% to 30% of identified material damage and he is protected from persecution of violators (Kim, 2012).Econom ists say that successful fight against corruption provides immediate benefits that are many times higher than the related expenses. According to some estimates, $1 spent for the fight with corruption brings an average of 23 dollars in the fight against corruption at the level of state and about 250 dollars in the fight at the international level (Brody,  2010).General recommendations to fight white collar crime in the community include the following actions by the state:ensuring political and economic stability in the societycreating legal framework necessary for effective fight against economic crimesimproving the system of government agencies dealing with economic crimesincreasing control of the public authorities for the activities of enterprises, which commit most economic crimes, including the activities of their officers and materially responsible personsstrengthening preventive, precautionary actions of authorities fighting with economic crimes (in particular, explore condi tions that contributed to the commission of crimes and take measures to prevent further similar crimes).Fighting white-collar crime is one of the main problems of modern society. This struggle must be carried out in all possible ways. Since the damage from such crimes is huge, the end justifies any means. According to the FBI, between 2007 and 2009, white-collar crimes amounted 3.8% of all crimes committed in the United States. Despite their relatively small number, annual average white-collar crime costs victims much more than ordinary theft or robbery. For example, average property crime costs a victim $1.8 thousand, while the average white-collar property crime costs $9.2 thousand. White-collar crimes today account 42% of all crimes committed by using a computer (Akopyan,  2010). Many experts expect the growth of this number. According to National Fraud Center, the number of arrests for white-collar crime, especially fraud and misappropriation of corporate funds, has increased dramatically over the past few years, while the number of arrests for crimes related to violence against the person declines.White-collar crime is very dangerous. It causes great damage to society and country as a whole and, ultimately, each of us. Today, fight with this type of crime is of utmost importance. State and federal laws, and the US Constitution give the federal government the authority to curb white-collar crimes. A number of federal agencies, including FBI, Tax and the US Secret Service, US Customs Service, Agency for Environmental Protection, deal with white-collar crimes. In addition, most states use their agencies to fight white-collar crime. Penalties for white collar crime are very strict, much more severe than for other crimes (Waldie,  2010).

Is Charisma a Personal Quality or a Trait Essay

Is Charisma a Personal Quality or a Trait - Essay Example The essay "Is Charisma a Personal Quality or a Trait?" examines the concepts of charisma as a trait and a personal quality. Charisma has been studied and theorized in various ways by different sociologists, psychologists, and management specialists. The concept of charisma as a trait has been elaborately explained in Weber’s work related to leadership in the civil society. Originally, Weber referred to charisma as an inherent quality of an individual, which makes that individual very different from the ordinary men and gets treated as someone specially awarded with paranormal, heroic and exceptional qualities. Later, he narrowed this definition to include specific personal qualities that distinguish the individual from other people. Based on Weber’s generalization and pontification of charisma, Shils defined charisma as, â€Å"the quality which is imputed to persons, actions, roles, institutions, symbols and material objects because of their presumed connection with ‘ultimate,’ fundamental,’ ‘vital,’ order-determining powers†. Weber refers to charisma as one of three bases of legitimate authority in the institutional setup. While Weber’s original concept of charisma emphasizes on charisma as a personal quality. Weber’s philosophy bases the evolution of all social organizations on charismatic qualities of few individuals. Klein and House define charisma as â€Å"a fire that ignites followers’ energy and commitment, producing results above and beyond the call of duty†.

Adolf Hitler-World War I and II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolf Hitler-World War I and II - Essay Example He was part of the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16, where he was involved in major combats. Hitler is also presented as being responsible for the Second World War (Haugen 7). Adolf Hitler is said to have influenced society, economy, politics, and ideas that are there for the people living today. Hitler’s love for the army majorly influenced how he ruled Germany at the time he was a dictator. He used military styles to rule the country. During WW1, Hitler won many awards for being an exemplary soldier who depicted cold-blooded boldness and courage (Haugen 53). Hitler also influenced major economic activities like agriculture in the sense that he idealized rural life, and saw that cities had a corrupting effect to the people’s minds. He supported the preservation of the peasant class. He also influenced the aviation industry through the creation of the Air Ministry. Previously, aviation was only seen in the United States (Nicholls 16). As Hitler rose to power, he preached murder, violence, and hate. When he was the absolute German leader between the 1930s and 1940s, millions and millions of people died because of his wishes. He lied and encouraged prejudice, ironically winning the support of those who believed him (Roberts 6). Politically, WW2 is said to have been caused by Hitler as a result of his 1930s influence on German politics. Hitler has affected the world and ideas of people today through many things such as the massive loss of life. From an economic perspective, the United States is said to have been led out of depression and into the post war era boom. This has enabled it to remain a superpower ever since (Haugen 7). Socially, Hitler has influenced technological advancements, both to civilians and the military. These include atomic energy, jet engines, and synthetic nylon fibers among others. Hitler’s legacy also led to the realignment of many of the states in the Eastern Bloc. From another

Direct marketing. An advertising campaign Essay

Direct marketing. An advertising campaign - Essay Example Direct marketing is perceived by many customers as an undesirable way of marketing products. Direct marketing includes techniques such as telephone sales and unsolicited emails. When companies rely on these techniques their credibility as a firm is downgraded. There are other forms of legit direct marketing techniques that have been used by marketers for years to generate revenues. Some of these good direct marketing techniques include catalogs, leaflets, brochures, and coupons. A company that has been very successful globally using a direct marketing approach to sell its products is Amway. Interactive marketing involves having contact with the customer in order to obtain a reaction and feedback from them. The tool that is utilized the most in the 21st century in the application of interactive marketing is the internet. Social websites such as Facebook provide great interactive mechanisms that can be used by marketers to communicate with the customers. A website that revolutionized t he way people watch programming is Hulu.com. Hulu offers television programs in its website free of charge. The programming has very short commercial breaks. During these commercials many advertisers used interactive marketing by providing short one question questionnaires. 7. Samir - participation I like your response but you failed to mention a direct marketing method that is often by companies which is direct telephone sales calls. This method of marketing is very outdated and his perceived in a negative connotation by the customers of today. Nobody likes being pressure into buying a consumer product they don’t want or need. I think that the government should regulate telemarketers to avoid the invasion of privacy these sales phone calls represent. Most of these companies are obtaining their sales leads number using unethical practices. I think that interactive marketing has a lot of potential for companies doing business the US marketplace as well as abroad. 8. Kelly â₠¬â€œ participation Convenience is one of the attributes customers look for the most in their shopping experience. A company that has revolutionized the supermarket industries is Sainsbury’s. This UK firm has a service that allows shoppers to purchase their groceries through the website. The online order is subsequently delivered to the person’s home. This service saves shoppers a lot of time and it saves them money in commuting expenses. At $4 a gallon customers have to save gasoline any way they can. Other companies such as Walgreens are achieving interactive marketing by offering special offers that can only be redeemed online. For example when the customer completes an online survey at the corporate website they are eligible for coupon savings. DQ1 An advertising campaign that was very successful due to its ingenuity, creativity, and ability to captivate the minds of the viewers was the Geico ads. Geico has been running a series of ads using the Gecko character in o rder to transmit a Geico’s slogan, â€Å"15 minutes could save you 15% or more on car insurance.† The ads are very funny due to the Gecko character. The Gecko has become such a sensation that Geico created an autobiography online video story of the Gecko on its corporate website. This is all great stuff. I believe that this character is the reason Geico has become such a successful auto insurance company. Prior to the start of the Gecko series of commercials Geico was not a household name in the minds of American consumers. An ad campaign that lacks a marketing message due to its simplicity is Corona’s beer advertisements. These commercials consist of a man and woman in the beach in lawn chair, the actors done move while stuff occurs around them at the admiration of the Corona beer. The commercial are poor because they do not send a clear marketing message and they are not emphasizing any of the attributes of the product such as quality, flavor, and price. The c ommercial seem like a low budget project in comparison with the spectacular commercials its competitor

Is Journalism Storytelling?

Is Journalism Storytelling? Using relevant theoretical perspectives considered during the semester and two examples of journalism, is journalism storytelling? Why? Introduction Many journalists entered the profession for a simple reason a love of storytelling. Journalism as storytelling has been found in many ways of the humanities. Storytelling is a valid way to share facts, ideas and to convince. The storytelling closely link to journalism where journalists want to reach their audience, to convince the reader that deep emotional level with their followers. Journalists have researched multiple ways that storytelling can utilize to reach to their audience in order to get audience’s attention.Moreover, McQuail (1992, Media Performance p291) states that ‘news’ is not impartial or objective. Things happen, but this does not mean that they become news – Not all the of events can be reported because of the sheer number. McQuail also argues that news is the product of socially manufactured production, because its the end result is a selective process. Gatekeepers, such as editors and journalists, and sometimes owners, to choose and jud ge what events are important enough to pay and how to cover them. News story can be used in journalism but at a price. Many journalists create stories may missing the fact in order to fill their space with personal opinions or emotion.This makes many viewers overlook these articles for audience they think more of the facts based. Narrative journalism However, with the idea of storytelling in journalism is has leaded to narrative journalism and long-form journalism. This type of journalism unlike directly news story, which provide the basic who, what, where, when and why of the story, instead, narrative news stories are longer and allow the writer to employ more elements of prose writing.Stories that are considered narrative journalism often appear in magazines and allow a reporter to approach a subject in different ways. Generations ago, narrative journalism was the rule of reporting, rather then the exception.Story (and sometimes subjectively and considerable by todays standards) in the magazine and newspaper readers through a fascinating story to tell completely from the authors views and experience.But, time have absolutely changed. Nowadays, narrative journalism is not commonly used by most mainstream media outlets. In fact, many journalists adhere to very basic formula or the use of inverted pyramid report style, to keep the ir writing style simple and easy to edit.Some may even not familiar with the technique, had never learned it as beat journalists in their career. however there is still a lot of room for narrative journalism in todays world marketplace where the Internet is available all day and all night, and authors or journalists avid to test their competence using a new technique may truly enjoy writing a news â€Å"report that reads much more like a story than a series of objectively written paragraphs†(Angelique Caffrey ,2012)In the JoBenet Ramsey case, for instance,the media and news has obsessed for nearly two decade. â€Å"The Ramsey murder a decade ago, along with the O.J. Simpson case in 1994, as one journalist noted, â€Å"helped redefine mainstream journalism as a form of soap operatic storytelling,† i.e., were benchmarks in its degradation to its current wretched state.† (David Walsh,2006,p2)Jonbenet Ramseys death is a tragedy and its surroundings keep an ominous, but this is a cold case from 18 years ago.The continued interest in every detail of her murder case seems to imply that the past 18 years havent seen any other murder of innocent and pure children, until now, her novelty cases continue to control the public interest.the question is over so many years, why the case still has attracted the attention of journalism and the general public, indeed, â€Å"The newest headlines on JonBenet Ramsey are detrimental because they take the place of more valuable news stories.†(Carina Kolodny,2013,p16). Journalism as storytelling, in the narrative way make the news novelty and catch public’s attention. New-journalism storytelling Primitively, journalism storytelling emerged on the newspapers in western countries, among which, Australia is a typical representative.Today, the highest wave of journalism storytelling presents in the press circle in America(Dubrovin 1995,p37).In the mid-19th century, majorities of the developed countries in Europe and America realized industrial revolutions.During that period, the economy conditions in these countries were dramatically improved, the urbanization was accelerated, and the presses publishing newspapers on liberalism were established.The political parties reduced forces on the press and numerous cheap newspapers without independent political and economic restrictions were published(Connery 1992,p14).On September 3, 1833,The Sunwas established, officially symbolizing the emergence of cheap newspapers.Subsequently in America, the most developed country, cheap newspapers represented byThe SunandThe Heraldemerged in succession(Chance 2001).With the purpose of making profi ts, varieties of social news were issued on these newspapers to meet the demands of low-educated and poorly off citizens and to avoid offending the political parties and the government that could affect the development of the newspapers(Cassady 1990).These pieces of news written by vulgar words and sentences were mainly about interesting and exciting stories collected from the publics social life.The appearance of such popular newspapers is viewed as the origin of journalism storytelling. During 1960 to 1970, a new genre of journalism, the New-journalism, emerged in western countries. â€Å"It emphasized to obtain opinions on internal events by perceiving and interviewing, instead of approaches of regular information collection and stereotypical questionnaire surveys†(Cassady 1991).Techniques of expression of writing novels were also adopted.It laid stress on the writing methods and description styles. â€Å"New-journalism theoretically put forward the composing direction fo r news storytelling, making a space for the literary journalism†(Eason 1981).It was particularly popular in that period and was significantly recorded on the history of Australian journalism.Except for that it meet the demand of the times, New-journalism has some characteristics which include the following: Firstly,new-journalism broke the traditional news model of stating the facts impersonally.Coming to the front stage from the backstage(Eason 1981,), the journalists directly expressed their moods, feelings, and opinions or suggestions when editing the news stories.In newswriting, the journalists subject consciousnesses and emotions were presented and strengthened(Eason 1981).Secondly,new-journalism enriched expression skills for news reports.It adopted methods of novel writing, combined news with literature, and satisfied the publics needs of listening stories.Various literary expression skills, such as multi-scenes combination, the third person narration, the first person narration, details description, compound characters, and composition ways of making flashback, repetition, indication, and suspense(Farrell 1991).It changed the stereotypical inverted pyramid writing model and showed audiences a lively world that the journalists perceive, expanding selections for the public and mee ting the publics demand for diverse cultures(Ducey 1997).New-journalism in western countries gradually fade with a short brilliant history.However, the journalism storytelling became attractive to the public. Journalism and news as social construction It is hard for journalism, in any form, to be a true construction or reflection of society, on account of the factor included in the production of news. Human interest, human fault and the fallacy of the management, and other factors interweave together, blurred the boundaries between fact and fiction. Potter(1998; p15) demonstrated that â€Å"news is not something that happens; instead, news is what gets presented. We almost never see news events as they happen. Instead, we are shown the media’s manufactured construction of the events.† Yet journalism can be defined very simply as storytelling or news information of any form. However, not all of the current events or stories can be presented in the media, and like this, only news are considered as â€Å"news value† or â€Å"newsworthy is able to bring it into the media for spread to the audience and general public. According to Galtung and Ruge(1970), â€Å"the earliest form of systematic classification for ne wsworthiness†(Tony Harcup Deirdre ONeill p261-280), there are eleven news values, the meeting will make the event is more likely in news to be reported. The news values are frequency, clarity, consonance, continuity, actions of the elite, negativity,threshold, cultural proximity,unexpectedness, composition and personification. In the above-mentioned system, the story to satisfy the more points or value, the greater the chance that it will be published in the news. News report channels use the relaxing and interesting way of storytelling to convey information to the mass.Journalism storytelling is popular with the audiences, however, with its rapid development, some shortages are increasingly exposed. Journalism storytelling has erroneous tendency to negative events.Generally, in order to catch the audiences eyes, the news contents are easily focus on happenings from the dark side of the society.Taking an example of how the news value are applied in selection of a story, the 9-11 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Cen tre towers in NYC, the news has a large number of news values, the magnitude of this plane attacks made them relate all over the world and that kind of news about crime and violence are often reported, even events on disaster or damage are mainly propagated.There are positive reports to revive the whole process and details of the events; however details description on murder, eroticism, and other stodgy and low-class events are over presented(Breneman 1983).On the whole, journalism storytelling is lack of true and impersonal perspectives and the publics supervision function on its news contents is weakened.Frequently, bloody events that are not related to the common peoples daily life are played on the life channels.The stimulating and abnormal scenes, ironic tittles and topics are often highlighted to attract the audiences attention and to make the news stories widely spread.Such effects turn out to be over-commercialized, which are of unhealthy impacts on the publics life. Reference list Denis McQuail, 1992, Media Performance:Mass Communication and the Public Interest, London/California,P291 Angelique Caffrey,2012,Journalism and Narrative Journalism,p2 David Walsh,2006, US media disgraces itself once again: Rush to judgment in the JonBenet Ramsey case,p2 Carina Kolodny,2013,Why Do We Care About JonBenet Ramsey?p16 Vivian Dubrovin (1995),Create Your Own Storytelling Stories,p37 Connery, Thomas B, 1992, Discovering a Literary Form.† A Sourcebook of American Literary journalism:Representative Writers in an Emerging Genre. New York: Greenwood,p14 W.James Potter, 1998, Theory of Media Literacy:A Cognitive Approach USA,p15 Tony Harcup Deirdre O’Neill, 2010,What is News?:Galtung and Ruge revisited; p261-280 Should Cannabis Be Legalised In Australia? Should Cannabis Be Legalised In Australia? Cannabis is a plant that is grown using organic fertiliser, other names includes marijuana, marihuana, hashish, hemp and ganja which is made from dried leaves and small green flowers from the cannabis plant itself, it contains narcotics and tough fibres that are used to make ropes, medicine, furniture and many others. Cannabis is known as a soft illicit drug that is commonly used. It is usually smoked but can also be eaten to get the immediate intoxicated effect but each person experiences different effects reasons being how strong the drug is, if they are an experienced user, the mood of the user and many other reasons within the individual. Earls and Robert studied marihuana and came with while opium kills ambition and deadens initiatives, marihuana incites to immorality and crime (Earls and Robert Rowell, 2003). Short-term effects may include; brain slowing, intoxicated which is also known as stoned or high and happy and relaxed feelings. Others may experience negative effects such as being paranoid, feeling anxious and panic attack. Some physical effects include short-term memory, heart rate increase, bloodshot eyes, coordination which can cause unsafe driving and increase in appetite often known as the munchies. Long-term effects may include; increase risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease due to the raise in heart rate, lung disease, ability to learn because of short-term memory, sperm count for males decreases and females experience irregular period patterns. Cannabis is illegal in Australia and most other first world countries and by law it is not to be grown, sell or possessed, it is a crime to do so and penalties will be given according to The Australian Drug Misuse Trafficking Act (1985). Cannabis is illegal due to many reasons such as; addiction, where people are hooked on to the drug and which will eventually ruin their lives through excessive usage, this is the same as alcohol which is a totally legal drug. The government claims that cannabis is more and highly addictive compared to alcohol which is why it is not legalised. Users would become aggressive and have a psychotic effect when taking the drug which leads to criminal activities. Cannabis is not accepted for medical use, even though it helps pain relief and benefits others in medical use but still caused a lot of diseases which the government is trying to help decrease, such as lung cancer, and cancer itself. Other reasons include that cannabis was linked to narcotics together with other illicit drugs, heroin, morphine and cocaine in 1914; these drugs are highly illegal and has brought cannabis along the line with them. Cannabis is now used by people all over the world illegally and legally and now it is not seen as an ethnic drug. The American governments started to look into Cannabis and came up with ideas on making it illegal, hemp was common and is used in making ropes, cloth and paper was considered dangerous and was a treat to people, people were being violence after smoking cannabis and led them to commit crime. Cannabis was announced illegal by (The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937). Cannabis should be legalised in Australia because it will benefit the government and country in many ways, some advantages on legalising cannabis include; government making money on tax, which will be better for the economy as cannabis is a billion dollar industry. Cannabis is grown with organic fertilizer and is an organic plant unlike other illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine when many other chemicals are used to make the drug. Tobacco is considered more dangerous compared to cannabis as tobacco uses 4000 different chemicals such as nicotine, tar, rat poison and many others which are harmful to the users as cannabis is an organic grown plant. This will benefit people with healt issues as it does not contain many other chemical like tobacco. Cannabis is a valued plant and is expensive since growing the plant takes time and organic fertilizer must be used. Pricing around the illegal market on cannabis is $200 to $300 and ounce (28grams). Through research foundings on cannabis users increases dramatically every year, in the US it is estimated that 2million people will try the illicit drug every yeah and 1 percentage of the population estimated to try cannabis every year and become addicted. Cannabis was a legalised drug back in the 1920s early 1930s, but since the US government came up with ideas to ban the drug due to their reasons of the drug threatens and is dangerous. Cannabis is now the most illicit drug used all over the world illegally and legally, in certain parts of Canada cannabis is legal where they have marijuana pubs and bars where people can come in for a smoke with friends and to relax. If cannabis was legalised in Australia it will stop people smoking illegally, being paranoid and decrease in illegal activities such as smuggling cannabis from other countries or states, drug trafficking and trades. This highlights that society accepted the fact that view on marijuana is to be socially accepted. Legalising cannabis will allow the nation to gain instant and long term benefits also give benefit in medical use, where it could be used to assist in pain relief and cure other diseases that prescription drugs might now be able to do. Victims suffering from diseases such as glaucoma and the people who needs treatment for antinausea will be able to find the drug easily This will benefit chemists and can help with increasing the market share and income. Ideas that the government may look into is that proper education should be involved in training users on the drug itself, how to use the drug and the recommended amount of usage each time to prevent from overdose. Cannabis should be a prescription drug if it was to be legalised and doctors only allow certain amount each time for the patient or user. Disadvantages on legalising cannabis include; people not claiming tax as they can grow the plants from home, which will become an illegal activity since they are hiding from the government to turn away from tax. Financial issues since education for cannabis users which will cost a lot of money and time for the government if they decided to legalised the illicit drug. Crime rates may arise as the drug may have different effects on the individual, it may cause aggressiveness, psychotic and criminal activities. This will have a huge impact on safety for the society as it may affect users on unsafe driving and lose of memory in short-term use. Legalising cannabis will also have an impact on creating more diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, and learning abilities as users experience short -term memory. Advantages on criminalisation if cannabis was legalised include; a decrease on criminal offences such as smuggling drugs into the country, trading and selling the drug to people. It will allow the government to fight other drug related crimes that are more important and a risk to the society such as heroin and cocaine dealers, fraud and murderers. If cannabis was legalised users would stop being paranoid about using or buying the drug as they would become more relaxed and free. The war on drug isnt accomplishing much as people are still out there illegally smuggling, trading and selling drugs so this can be decreased if cannabis was to be legalised as it will reduce the government on spending large amount of money on enforcements every year which will help in increasing the countrys revenue. It is prohibited but people are still out there making money and doing illegal business, there was an increase tax on alcohol so if cannabis was to be legalised it should have a higher tax on it as well. It is impossible to stop drug dealers as they always got an way to deliver their goods, they are always one step ahead and if one criminal is caught there is others out there doing the same, it just continues and it is something the government cannot stop. In 1987, 10 billion dollars were spent alone just on enforcing drug laws. Drugs accounted for about 40 percent of all felony indictments in the New York City courts in 1989. This figure quadrupled since 1985. Forty percent of the people in federal prison are drug law violators (Long 114). As it raises every year that money could be spent on other things that will benefit the economy such as schools, roads and homeless. The black market would vanish and illegal traders and dealers would be out of business since productions would bec ome licensed only. Disadvantages if cannabis was to be legalised include; people would still do illegal business to make money, since they want to keep away from tax. Legalising cannabis will eventually make the good people become bad, as they will be addicted to the legalised drug and it will affect their daily lives due to the effects on the drugs such as short-term memory, it allows people to be violent and aggressive, become psychotics and will put the society at risk, crime rates will rise and the roads will be more dangerous than it is now as to drink drivers. Cannabis effects peoples coordination so unsafe driving is a major risk, leaving it risky to others on the roads. The government will have to spend more money on stoping drug users from committing crimes or death rates will increase as is allows people to experience being aggressive, and psychotic behaviours with the use to the drug if it is legalised. In conclusion cannabis should be legalised as it will benefit people with medical use, help in decreasing crime rate, reduce and die out the black market, improve the countrys revenue and allows the government to make money on tax just like the high tax they gain from alcohol. At the same time it may disadvantage the country in a few ways such as crime rates due to the drug giving side effects of aggressiveness and psychotic, where that is easier to prevent unlike the black market.

Leonardo da vinci :: essays research papers

Leonardo da Vinci was born April 15, 1452.Leonardo da Vinci was educated in his father's house receiving the usual elementary education of reading, writing and arithmetic. In 1467 he became an apprentice learning painting, sculpture and acquiring technical and mechanical skills. He was accepted into the painters' guild in Florence in 1472 but he continued to work as an apprentice until 1477. From that time he worked for himself in Florence as a painter. Already during this time he sketched pumps, military weapons and other machines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between 1482 and 1499 Leonardo worked for the of the Duke of Milan. He was described in a list of the Duke's staff as a painter and engineer of the duke. As well as completing six paintings during his time in the Duke's service he also advised on architecture, fortifications and military matters. He was also considered as a hydraulic and mechanical engineer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his long stay time in Milan, Leonardo became interested in geometry. He read Leon Battista Alberti's books on architecture and Piero della Francesca's On Perspective in Painting. Leonardo da Vinci illustrated Pacioli's Divina proportione and he continued to work with Pacioli and is reported to have neglected his painting because he became so engrossed in geometry.Leonardo studied Euclid and Pacioli's Suma and began his own geometry research. He sometimes gave mechanical solutions. He gave several methods of squaring the circle, again using mechanical methods. He wrote a book, around this time, on the elementary theory of mechanics which appeared in Milan around 1498. Leonardo certainly realised the possibility of constructing a telescope and in Codex Atlanticus written in 1490 he talks of making glasses to see the Moon enlarged. In 1499 the French armies entered Milan and the Duke was defeated. Some months later Leonardo left Milan together with Pacioli. He travelled to Mantua, Venice and finally reached Florence. Although he was under constant pressure to paint, mathematical studies kept him away from his painting activity much of the time. He was for a time employed by Cesare Borgia as a senior military architect and general engineer. By 1503 he was in Florence advising on the project to divert the River Arno behind Pisa to help with the siege of the city which the Florentines were engaged in. He then produced plans for a canal to allow Florence access to the sea. The canal was never built nor was the River Arno diverted.

Comparison of Newspaper Headlines

Newspaper headline creates a powerful meaning and interpretation of the whole article. This collection of words sums up the entire story and represents in totality the equally significant lead. A headline intrigues and awakens or grabs a reader's interest.   At the same time, it reinforces the intellectual aspect of the reading public through the rational and logical contentment gained when a reader successfully understands a newspaper headline. A story headline strengthens one's sense of belonging to his or her community in two ways: first, through the references to one's own society and nation; and second, through stereotyped representations of other countries and citizens. News organizations on the internet generally aim to post headlines on the website that will attract and leave an impact to search engine crawlers and internet visitors as much as the regular printed news readers. For this purpose, two negatively-toned or presented news headlines of the same story can have different interpretations and effects on the readers. Such examples are that of the news about the comment of President Bush on the alleged establishment and expansion of U.S. bases in Africa. These are the news from the MSNBC website under the headline: â€Å"Bush: U.S. wont build new Africa bases† and the other news article from the Aljazeera website carrying the headline: â€Å"Bush denies Africa expansion plan† (MSNBC, 2008 ; Aljazeera, 2008). The MSNBC and Aljazeera news headlines were both stated in a negative manner. The former headline (from MSNBC) was presented as an obvious direct quote, apparently coming straight from the U.S. President. The second headline, on the other hand, appears to have been delivered by a second source, not by President Bush himself. The headline by the Aljazeera news implies that denial is the usual and standard official statement from the White House and not a strong affirmation that the U.S. will definitely not build bases and expand their military power in Africa. Although the said two headlines are somewhat pessimistic in tone, the MSNBC â€Å"direct quote† headline appears to be more effective than the Aljazeera â€Å"denial† headline. This is because the headline was written in a straight-forward defense of President Bush that U.S. will not (by using the term â€Å"won't†) build new Africa bases. Readers of today are always in a rush while accessing vast amount of information from thousands of websites. Thus, the MSNBC headline addresses the basic goal of internet news organizations of catching the attention and immediate comprehension of online news readers. The MSNBC headline is even beefed up by what is called the subhead (with the phrases â€Å"President dismisses talk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This subhead supports and reinforces the main headline which imparts a definite statement that the U.S. is unquestionably not building new U.S. bases in the African continent. References Aljazeera. (2008, February 20). Bush denies Africa expansion plan. Retrieved February 21,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008, from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23252017/ MSNBC. (2008, February 20). Bush: U.S. won't build new Africa bases. President dismisses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   talk of more military bases on continent as ‘baloney'. Retrieved February 21, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/1D97988F-6FFB-4BD0-8C43-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C3F8420F79B1.htm. ; ; ; ; ;

Louis Vuitton in Japan

Louis Vuitton in Japan Abstract Japan is a lucrative market for global luxury brands. Many companies have realized this fact and have concentrated most of their operations in this country. Louis Vuitton is no exception. It succeeded in this market. This paper shows that the unique demographics of the Asian country and the company’s aggressive marketing campaigns have contributed to its Japanese success.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Vuitton in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evidences from this paper also show that poor economic conditions and changing customer preferences, in Japan, threaten the French-based company’s profitability. Nonetheless, there are many opportunities for increasing its sales growth. This paper suggests that the company should open new stores in mid-sized towns to increase its brand presence in the market. Similarly, it suggests the need to improve the popularity of Louis Vuitton brands by undertaking more local marketing campaigns. Overall, this paper shows that although Japan accounts for most of Louis Vuitton’s profits, the company could increase its dominance in this market by adopting new marketing strategies. Introduction Louis Vuitton is a global luxury brand that has operated in the Japanese market for more than four decades (Ivey, 2008). As a case study, this paper explores how the French-based company started its operations in the Asian nation and why it has achieved tremendous success in this market. Since Louis Vuitton is a successful global entity, this paper also investigates whether global economic conditions affect its operations. Similarly, it highlights how the company can overcome some of these challenges and exploit the demographics of the Japanese market to improve its market success. These analyses give a comprehensive understanding of Louis Vuitton’s operations in Japan. Why Louis Vuitton Succeeded in the Japanese Market Japan i s an important market for Louis Vuitton because it accounts for almost 50% of the company’s profits (Ivey, 2008). Aggressive marketing campaigns have boosted the brand’s profile in the country’s fashion industry. The success of the Omotesando marketing campaign, in Japan, attests to this fact (Ivey, 2008). Such campaigns have provided a platform for introducing extravagant stores in several parts of the Asian country (including successful outlets in Ginza and Roppongi) (Ivey, 2008). Besides its aggressive advertising strategy, Louis Vuitton’s success, in Japan, also stems from the company’s pricing strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the past, the company adopted a premium pricing strategy for its branded products, but uncertain economic conditions have made it untenable for the company to continue doing so. Since then, i t has changed its strategy and now adopts a flexible pricing plan that portrays the Louis Vuitton brand as affordable. This strategy largely boosted the brand’s sales. Opportunities and Challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan Challenges: Poor economic conditions and changing customer preferences present the most notable challenges for Louis Vuitton’s operations in the Japanese market. These challenges affect the company’s sales and make it difficult for the brand to understand the nature of future fashion trends. Opportunities: Undoubtedly, there is a notable market presence of the Louis Vuitton brand in Japan. However, there is a lot of potential for the company to expand its operations in mid-sized cities and other locations where the brand does not have a notable market presence. This move would popularize the brand (further) and increase its revenue streams. Specifics of the Japanese Fashion Luxury Market The Japanese fashion market has accepted Louis Vuitton because of its unique social and economic dynamics that differentiate it from western markets. For example, besides being fashion-conscious people, the Japanese society buys luxury brands as a status symbol. Moreover, a demographic analysis of the market shows a large middle-income population that affords luxury brands, such as Louis Vuitton. Furthermore, there is a huge population of middle-aged women who prefer to update their fashion, often (Ivey, 2008). Lastly, the Japanese culture requires people to dress according to their social status. People who have a high income prefer to have fashionable products like Louis Vuitton. This is why many global luxury brands depend on Japan to support their global operations (Ivey, 2008). Original Entry Strategy of Louis Vuitton in Japan and the Strategies it adopted to strengthen its Market Presence Louis Vuitton’s entry into the Japanese market started in 1977 through a direct market entry strategy. Albeit controversial, this strateg y allowed the company to acquire two stores. The stores were departmental and stocked a few brands. They accounted for more than $10 million (in annual profits) after selling directly exported fashion products from France (Ivey, 2008). The success of the stores paved the way for expanding the company’s network of outlets. Statistics, from 2007, show that Louis Vuitton owns more than 54 stores in Japan (Ivey, 2008). However, as a group, the company manages about 250 stores in the same market (Ivey, 2008). In the last decade, the brand has changed its operational strategy by operating some stores as franchises. Most of them are in Nagoya, Osaka, and Tokyo.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Vuitton in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Will the Global Financial Crisis Affect Louis Vuitton and how will the Company Overcome it? Louis Vuitton is vulnerable to the intrigues of the global economy. Its vulnera bility stems from its reliance on tourist markets and disposable income fluctuations. Therefore, when the global economy suffers from terrorism threats and poor economic outcomes, the company suffers declined sales. Louis Vuitton learned this lesson in Japan after the 2001 terrorist attack in the US and the 2007/2008 economic crisis. It suffered decreased sales from low tourist numbers and a growing hesitation by shoppers to spend their money on expensive luxury items. To overcome such challenges, the company needs to localize its marketing strategy and grow its domestic markets (Melicher Norton, 2014). This strategy would make most of its global stores independent. For example, instead of relying on tourist markets to support the Japanese stores, the company should popularize its products to the Japanese people and make its stores independent. Therefore, when, an economic crisis happens in one part of the world, other stores (that do not operate in the affected regions) are not af fected (Pearce Robinson, 2013). Conclusion Louis Vuitton’s Japanese success mirrors the success of other global luxury brands in the same market. This paper shows that the unique demographics of the Asian country largely contribute to a growing demand for Louis Vuitton products in Japan. Poor economic conditions and changing customer preferences emerge as the main challenges of the French-based company. However, there are many opportunities for increasing its sales numbers. Consequently, this paper suggests that the company should open new stores in mid-sized towns to increase its brand presence in Japan. Focusing on improving Louis Vuitton’s popularity in the country would also reduce the company’s reliance on overseas markets. Overall, although Japan accounts for most of Louis Vuitton’s profit, the company could benefit from adopting new strategies to improve its dominance in this market. References Ivey, R. (2008). Louis Vuitton in Japan. Retrieved fr om https://www.asiapacific.ca/Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Melicher, R. W., Norton, E. A. (2014). Introduction to Finance: Markets, Investments,  and Financial Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. Pearce, J., Robinson, R. (2013). Strategic Management: Planning for Domestic   Global Competition. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.