Hakkasan Restaurant Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hakkasan Restaurant Company - Assignment Example Autocratic leadership is where by the leader is the final determinant of a decision and others under him or her do not have the capability to make or object the decision. For routine and effectiveness in the organisation or company, this style is better preferred as it ensures that employees do what they are told to do for the benefit of the company (Vector Study, 2012).Charismatic LeadershipA charismatic leadership style is basically more involving as the leader in place is more enthusiastic in his work and also toward the other employees (Vector Study, 2012).Democratic Leadership or Participative LeadershipA democratic leadership style is basically an instance where the leader makes the final decision for the team members after they have participated in an involving decision making process. Thus employees feel in better placed in the organisation’s decision making process thus better results in output (Vector Study, 2012).ConclusionThe described leadership styles make work a t the organisation easy to handle and the employees feel that they are part and parcel of the organisation. But in the need that strategic decisions have to be made then the leader is prone to implement the use of Autocratic style for convenient and steady decision making that will not be up for revision. For the charismatic leadership style, employees need motivation from the top notch and from each other. Restaurants are work places where employees work extra hard so as to satisfy the customers.

Indicators of affective component Essay Example for Free

Indicators of affective component Essay This observation gives a glimpse that how sense of belonging, and need for being wanted, loved, and cared for particularly by the family members are essential components to experiencing happiness in the lives of the Gladys elderly. The results show that the institutionalized elderly to having a sense of security in terms of their future. This sense of security in terms of money alone does not ensure happiness or well-being among the elderly. According to their administrators, the elderly seemed to try to cope with their given situation of not having the family members to take care of their emotional needs. Apparently they put on a brave front and tried to sound unaffected and affirmed that they were in ‘good hands’ and ‘there was nothing to worry’ ‘that fathers will take care of until they die’ and even compared their room in Gladys as cozy as one’s ‘mother’s womb. ’ One could notice that most of their references pertained to physical security and not to emotional security which they probably were aware that they could not expect from their family members. Family care is the traditional approach to care giving for the aged and they prefer to be cared at home because it offers better morale and security (Doress-Worters Siegal, 1994). Along with the material security, the need for emotional security is to be assured for the institutionalized aged to experience subjective sense of well-being. Contributing Factors toward SWB among the Institutionalized Aged Results of the study reveal that from the administrators’ viewpoint, subjective well-being among the institutionalized aged rests on their physical health, autonomy/freedom, money/income, meaningful relationships, social interest, concept of time, attitude toward death, and religion and/spirituality. Each of these themes/factors had its sub themes or factors. Physical Health The findings based on the case analysis, content analyzed in-depth interviews with the elderly, and their close associates were consistent on the aspect of health. It highlighted the importance of age specific physical health as one of the most important variables in predicting well-being or happiness among the eldely in the study. It has been empirically proven. According to Campbell et al. (1976), â€Å"When respondents are asked to judge the importance of various domains of their lives, â€Å"good health† obtains the highest rating. † Under physical health, basic competence or physical mobility, food, accommodation, environment, physical exercise and recreational activities (expanded competence) were also considered in the study. The findings showed that these different domains of health contributed toward better physical well-being which positively influences emotional well-being of the elderly. Studies based on older people suggest those encountering functional health problems (basic competence) are at risk for experiencing decline in subjective well-being (Kunzmann, Little, Smith, 2000). It showed that those who enjoyed functional health or having basic competence had come to terms with or maintained a positive attitude toward aging and the age-related physical decline. This finding is aligned with the supposition of Kunzmann et al. (2000) that if it were possible for one to get older without experiencing losses and negative events such as declines in health and physical functioning, he or she would experience increased levels of emotional health. Autonomy/Freedom Freedom and autonomy played a significant role in the well-being of the older adults under study as perceived by Gladys Spellman administrators. Minimal external restrictions and individual freedom even in spiritual matters were considered to be the most attractive feature of the ‘home’, which gave them a sense of independence and personal worth. According to Christopher (1999) it is our capacity for autonomy that brings us our dignity as human beings. Butler et al.(1998) resumed that a possible nagging question in the older person is, â€Å"Can I survive independently without being a burden? † The person whose identity has been that of a dependent person may find it easier to accept illness and institutionalization than so-called independent, autonomous person whose identity has been structured accordingly. Studies conducted by the National Institute of Health show that restrictions in control have detrimental effects on the health of older people (Butler et al. 1998), and therefore on their subjective perception and experience of well being.

The Unfulfilled Elisa in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums Essay

The Unfulfilled Elisa in John Steinbeck's The Chrysanthemums â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story in The Long Valley, a collection of short stories by John Steinbeck. This story dramatizes the efforts made by a housewife, Elisa Allen, to compensate for the disappointments which she has encountered in her life. Steinbeck makes it clear that Elisa yearns for something more in her life then the everyday routines of farm life. While Elisa is portrayed as strong, in the end, her strength serves to be insufficient in having the courage to effect any real change in her life since her fragile self-esteem proves to be too susceptible to outside forces. From the beginning of the short story, Steinbeck emphasizes that Elisa is a strong, competent woman who finds her considerable energy channeled into things, such as her garden, which never give her the sort of recognition or satisfaction that she craves. For a brief moment, she senses that she is capable of much more and feels her own strength only to, once again, have a man bring down her efforts, and her self-esteem. The story opens with Elisa working in her garden. Steinbeck makes a point of telling the reader that she is thirty-five. Her age at once implies a woman almost at her middle-age who may be reexamining the dreams of her youth as she contemplates the second half of her life. Steinbeck emphasizes Elisa’s strength as he writes, â€Å"Her face was eager and mature and handsome† (Steinbeck 279). Her husband, Henry, comes back to the house having just completed the sell of some cattle. He is complimentary towards her gardening and comments on her talent. He sugg ests that she put her talent to work in the orchard growing apples, and Elisa considers his offhand comment seriously,... ...’s nature which yearns for expression. For a moment, she feels she touched on such a shared intimacy with the tinker and it is easy to see why she could have been so easily mistaken because the tinker does imply that he also has that sort of aesthetic sensibility when he describes the chrysanthemums which will bloom later in the summer, â€Å"Kind of a long-stemmed flower? Looks like a quick puff of colored smoke?† (282). When the tinker casts her plants aside, it is almost as if he cast aside Elisa’s dreams as well. It’s not just this brief episode that makes Elisa’s cry, but what is really upsetting her is the thought of a future where she feels unfulfilled and unchallenged. Work Cited Steinbeck, John. "The Chrysanthemums." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. 239-47.

ICT and Business Development

ICT and Business Development In line with the main priorities set by the URBACT Information Society Network, this theme focuses on business development and the role of ICT as a means of tackling economic restructuring and promoting employment and in doing so fostering social cohesion and economic inclusion. The purpose of this brief document is to act as a guide for colleagues when preparing material or presentations on this topic and to provoke discussion on the issues raised in it. Business Development and its relationship to ICT?Business Development is the process of improvement that enables a business to become more efficient, profitable, and thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. Business development therefore does not only concern marketing and sales departments, but all parts of a business which constitute its value chain and requires effective communication and co-operation within a company. Over the last 20 years ICT has increasingly been identified as a major contributor to the process of business development and improvement and it has been identified that â€Å"ICT †¦. is responsible for around half of productivity growth in modern economies.It drives improved efficiency and better services and products across the entirety of the private and the public sectors. † (Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society). What has been the impact of ICT on Business? The use of ICT and technology has affected every aspect of business, transforming not only the way that business is conducted but also creating new business sectors and jobs. The creation of companies like Google and e-Bay which did not exist 10 years ago, was only made possible by advances in technology and the changes that this has created in the way that people ehave (currently Google is valued at ?44billion – Source BBC 5th June 05). Some examples of the nature of this change include: Marketing: The use of websites has allowed companies to develop new and cheaper ways of reaching new markets, offering customers the opportunity of buying goods and services whenever they want and often at reduced cost, whilst also enhancing the level of customer service. This has been coupled with the expansion and use of e-mails which again has been used by business to market their goods and services directly to potential customers, as well as communicating with existing customers and suppliers.Increasingly the marketing campaigns of businesses include the use of technologies such as Contact Management Systems that allows them to co-ordinate, monitor and report on various aspects of their marketing campaigns in new ways making these campaigns more targeted and effective. Finance: Practically all companies now use software programs e. g. Sage or Excel to manage their accounts. This has allowed them to look at financial information when required, monitor and respond to their customers purchasing patterns by e. g. offering discounts an d overall improve the management of their finances.The result of this has been for many companies a reduction in their accountancy fees. Out of office working: For many businesses the need for staff to be away from the office attending meetings etc. or to be based in another geographical location has grown alongside employee demands for more flexible working patterns. However effective communication and ability to access information etc. remains critical to the productivity of these staff members. Therefore through the use of technology many companies now use a range of technologies to enable this.These include mobile phones, e-mail, broadband, laptops, etc. Thus ensuring that companies are able to be flexible and adaptive depending on their business needs. Networks: Virtually all businesses now have or have access to a computer. The existence of two or more computers in an office almost always leads to the creation of a network. The main advantage of doing so is that resources can be shared e. g. printers, internet access, files/information can be managed and shared amongst workstations and the security of information can be better managed through a network.Increasingly networks are not just confined to the office but are being adopted so that they allow home/remote working that supports changing business needs. This transformation has really taken place over the last 20 years and continues to transform the way business is done. No business today can ignore the use of technology as its effective use helps businesses to remain competitive and profitable, thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. The role of the Public Sector? What is the case for Public Sector intervention if this is already happening?Talking specifically about SME’s, the final report (Feb. 2004) of the European Go Digital Awareness campaign 2001-2003 shows that â€Å"to help SME’s to â€Å"Go Digital† is still a policy challenge† as SME’s remain sceptical about ICT and e-business. This is mainly the result of: †¢Their experience of procuring technology has often left an impression that the wrong decision was made as the expected benefits from using new technology have not materialised. This then affects businesses willingness to further invest in technology and therefore threatens their further competitiveness. The creation of new businesses especially in new industries requires that the right support and business environment are present.For example the presence of Science Park’s, Universities, and Research Centres etc. can help the spread of an innovative culture amongst businesses. In the absence of proper support and the right environment areas/regions risk losing the jobs and prosperity brought by the creation of new businesses. †¢Procuring technology in itself is not a route to successful business development but requires that staff have the right skills to implement and use it effectively. Many of the new technologi es and emerging or existing businesses are increasing dependant on the presence of a relevant technological infrastructure to support business development e. g. Broadband access. The lack of this infrastructure can undermine business development, therefore damaging competitiveness and jobs. The issues above although not exhaustive are indications of market failure and therefore a challenge to the public sector in defining a role and developing projects/iniatives to address them.Without effective action areas/regions risk falling behind and therefore losing out in terms of: †¢Developing new businesses in new business sectors made possible by advances in technology; †¢Ensuring that businesses by effectively using technology are competitive both locally and globally; †¢Ensuring that businesses have the necessary information and support to develop into new markets; †¢Enabling businesses to become more flexible and responsive to the demands of their customers and thei r staff; †¢Developing a workforce with the necessary skills that are demanded in the present and future labour market.How did you develop your project? Once you have identified a problem or issue then the next stage is to plan actions to overcome or redress these issues. This starts with the planning stage which is a critical component to the success of any project, starting with identifying the need for the project, and includes project time scales, project design, project finance, project partners and resources, project organisation and management etc. What were the key factors in achieving this and what barriers did you have to overcome to do so?Main outcomes of the project to businesses? Over the course of any project measuring its success is a necessary part of project management, reporting and measuring impact or change. What therefore were the main outcomes of the project and how were they measured? ?Increased or improved use of ICT helped to expand business activities? ?Increased or improved use of ICT resulted in the development of new services and/or products? ?ICT usage has helped to create new networks – inside and outside the company? The adoption of ICT solutions has lead to the restructuring of working and communication methods in the enterprise? ?New models of working and/new jobs emerged? ?The implementation of e-work helped to integrate people who have been excluded from â€Å"traditional† jobs in the company before? ?The business now understands better the need for staff training? ?Additional jobs and/or the maintenance of exiting ones as a result of the projects work? Lessons learnt?During the course of any project the experience of delivery often throw’s up many unforeseen issues, especially when you are dealing with technology, which are a result of internal and external factors. This then leads to lesson’s learnt which can range from better ways to manage a project through to innovative approaches to prov iding support etc. These lessons learnt are not only of value to the project staff but also for others interested in developing or currently running similar projects.

Heineken Company Essay

It’s true that Heineken, the brand that bear with it the name of its mother company, is the most popular beer today-upholding supremacy for a period spinning over a century now. In 1964, Gerard Adrian Heineken bought a brewing company called De Hooiberg thereby changing its name to Heineken, after his own name. In addition to Heineken, which account for 20% of the total sales, Heineken has 170 beer brands including Star, Ochota, Murphy, Moretti, Zywiec, Cruzcampo, Tiger, and Amstel. In the advent of civilization and industrial revolution in the world, Heineken Company experienced expansive growth in terms of products, beer brands as well as venturing into other community development activities such as sponsoring sporting events. Meanwhile, the company expanded to become global brewer with tentacles extending to every corner of the world with such branches in Western Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. Their key market areas today include, but not limited to, Germany, Spain, France and Italy. Whilst the size and modus operandi of Heineken Company apparently demonstrate some kind of a monopolistic structure in the market, it is very clear that its market structure is perfect competition. Situational analysis of how Heineken has come to grow immensely over time clearly shows that Heineken Company has strictly prevailed through the waves of perfect competition only to emerge as a winner in the long run. In the present world of extreme competitive environment, Heineken Company has been denied a chance of enjoying monopolistic competition. It is a common understanding that in monopolistic competition, there is only one supplier of a particular product in the available market thereby establishing its own stringent market rules with the consumers on the receiving end. The gains and pains of such a market structure culminate into a scenario where the seller grows to a greater extent at the expense of the suffering consumers. The major weakness of Heineken was the stiff competition that they faced among other national brands in the same market. Whereas Heineken established licensing agreements with the local brewing companies which allowed them to maintain some influence in the market, such an influence remained to be very insignificant. Other breweries controlled their marketing efforts and prices thereby resulting in a real problem for Heineken in marketing its brands. Heineken’s marketing ambitions to global levels has specifically been restricted by increased globalization because other breweries have taken advantage of time and established their market bases leaving little or rather no room for any other competitor no matter how big they are. Even in some markets Heineken’s brands are only seen as drinks appropriate for classified occasions and not common drinks for daily consumption by every Tom, Harry and Dick. Consequently, their marketing objectives to become a universal beer supplier have met significant barriers thereby causing them to rely on perpetual review of marketing policies and strategies. A number of marketing strategies are clearly manifested in the way Heineken Company achieved their enormous expansion since its foundation in the nineteenth century. To start with, the extent to which innovation is applied in all the aspects of their product including packaging leaves successful marketing as the only option for the already gigantic seller. Also, they understand their consumers’ needs at various occasions, their taste, and their dislike. The marketing strategies which are carved on basis of innovation ideas generated from the understanding they have of their consumers, allows them to spread highly fine-tuned policies across the entire supply chain of their brands- right from the raw materials to the end product. Whereas economic extremists may term this as brand narcissism, its cause and effects are justified without a query to the marketing team, vividly manifested by the fact that they have sustained themselves in the market for a long duration of time. The best example is shown by the fact that Heineken has used unique yeast for a long time in their fermentation thus giving every other of their brand a special taste to the consumer. Their quality is excellent and there is no debate about that. There was a gain on the mutual fund portfolio of Heineken Company over the period of approximately one year from April, 2009 to April, 2010. In addition, whilst there was a decrease in consumption of their local beer between 2008 and 2009, there was significant increase in imported brands in the same time period. Their average decrease in beer consumption was 7 percent in that time period. It is rational to assert that Heineken has enjoyed success in beer market over a tremendously long time period. In the meantime, they have had to strengthen their marketing efforts through applying such strategies as ensuring unique taste and quality of the product, price control as well as increasing their coverage (Heineken International, 2005). However the current stiff competition in the market has kept them at an extreme edge leading to a situation where they have to look for better strategies to maintain themselves in the market.

Black Hundred in Russia essays

Black Hundred in Russia essays The Black Hundred was an extreme right wing party which emerged at the turn of the twentieth century in Russia. Favoring tsarism and autocracy instead of a parliamentary government, the Black Hundred were the perpetrators of many Jewish pogroms in Russian cities such as Odessa, Kiev, Yekaterinoslav and Bialystok (Horowitz 703). This group of radicals increased in popularity before the beginning of the Russian Revolution when tsarism was in decline. The Black hundred believed that "all Jews were revolutionaries and all revolutionaries were Jews, all Jews were capitalists and all capitalists were either Jews or tools in the hands of Jews." (Laqueur 17). This view of Jews was a distortion of the truth. In fact, the Jews in most parts of Russia were desperately poor, making barely enough money to support themselves. Only a small fraction of Jews were capitalists. Jews were a minority in most Russian cities. However, their absence did not alter the mindset of the Black Hundred. A ccording to them, "the Jew was the Anarchist, absent and yet omnipresent, a powerful myth helping to mobilize ignorant masses." (Obraztsov 10) The first organization of the Black Hundred was the Russkoye Sobraniye (Russian Association), which was established in 1900. Existing for several years without much action toward the Jews, the Russkoye Sobraniye made its first major anti-Semitic step in 1905. At this time, the Sobraniye issued a manifesto which demanded anti-Jewish laws "in view of the Jewish hostility to Christianity and the Non-Jewish nations as well as their aspirations to world power." (Obraztsov 7). In October of the following year, a major right wing organization called Soyuz Russkovo Naroda (SRN) was established. Dr. Dubrovin was named head of the SRN and took political action by preaching Russian patriotism. At this time, Tsar Nicholas II was a perpetual supporter of the SRN, giving approximately 150,000 rubles in total to its af...

Reflections of A Young Career †Management Essay

Reflections of A Young Career – Management Essay Free Online Research Papers Reflections of A Young Career Management Essay Life has had different meanings for me during my thirty years of existence. My developing process as a person found me wanting extraordinary things for my future. I have dreamed about sports, politics, religion, science and arts, as well. I often feel that every person I have met had some kind of influence on me, no matter how imperceptible this influence seems to be. I have been surrounded by the most diverse people, in terms of culture, origin and personality and I feel they all have molded my character and my attitude towards life. I have been influenced by a wide variety of leaders and after all these years, I have begun to recognize their impact on my life and, at the same time, I am on the way to become one. I am aware of the fact that I am already a leader in several aspects of my daily routine. I am also aware that most of my conscious and unconscious actions have an impact on the people around me. Everything we say, every move we make, every gesture, every sound communicates something, and thus it is impossible to remain unnoticed. One cannot not communicate 1 . That constant feedback exposes us, but also enriches us. We learn that way and we also teach that way. It is a two-way process. When we realize that everything that comes from us and gets to someone else has some sort of power attached to it, then we start to become leaders. Power is a word with several different meanings and it is sometimes linked to some negative ones. However, I like to use it to explain one of the most important abilities of any given leader: to transcend. We feel empowered every day by people who excel, who go beyond, those who keep us in motion. I admire them for many reasons: their courage, their determination, their passion, but there is one single aspect that I admire the most and that is their vision. I deeply respect them for having the ability to sustain their visions through the most challenging situations. By observing them and paying more attention to the things that seem to drive them in life especially those things that are far away from the ordinary I realized that I also have my own vision and it is very powerful indeed. Somewhere in the future, at some point around the a ge of fifty years old, I see myself as a very respected professor. Teaching or willing to do it has been a passion for me for many years. It will give me the opportunity to become part of some others’ dreams, projects, inventions and I find that notion absolutely fascinating. I see myself teaching at a very prestigious institution and, as a previous condition to that, I strongly consider the possibility of getting a doctorate degree. I understand the difficulty that this represents, but I am very excited about the idea of spending more time at any given university, living in the kind of environment that really gets the best of me. I understand that a doctorate degree makes anyone a leader in a very specific field of study. A very particular type of leader, indeed. In that sense, my style of leadership, according to Goleman’s classification will be a combination of visionary, coaching, affiliative and democratic 2 . I would like to be a visionary leader to inspire others and propel their own visions. A coaching leader would be important to direct people’s motivation in order to establish concrete goals. Being affiliative, something I will find hard to achieve due to my notorious lack of empathy, will be a key tool to approach the ones who may feel lost or without a tangible plan to follow. Democratic is a characteristic that I think is very important to gain people’s trust and to create a true team-work atmosphere, necessary to succeed at any level. Though the idea of a professor is often related to a very serious, polite and sometimes aloof person, I will try to remain friendly and enthusiastic as I think I am at this age. I also see myself, at some point of my career, returning to my country, Argentina. I will return for a handful of reasons, but mainly because I would love to transmit to others what I am learning these days, here in Minnesota. My city, Mendoza, is a place about the size of the Minneapolis Metro Area. It looks like the perfect site for many new projects and some entrepreneurship as well. I often fantasize about putting together an organization there, where I will be able to share my knowledge and expertise with my closest friends and make the ultimate working environment. I am not quite sure what kind of job that will be, but I have the feeling that I will involve lots of planning and long-range thinking as well as a lot of team-work. I do not see myself as a lone researcher or something similar, even though my MBTI Type is INTJ 3 . Some of my loved ones have already taken their learning experience outside Argentina, in many different places, all around the world. I envision all of us moving on with our plans along with our families. I see myself as a father, even though I am not married yet. I really enjoy being single for the simple fact that it has allowed me to travel around the world, seeking not only comfort, but peace of mind. I know I will get to the point –soon- where I will find my significant other and start my own family life. To transcend as a professor is very important to me, but I am also aware that fatherhood is even more important. I find the idea of watching my own blood grow up to become a unique person and not just another average human being absolutely mind-blowing. Writing is also one of my stronger passions and I have never had the chance to write formally. I have written about trips, plays, concerts and games and found myself enjoying every single word I put on paper, something I hope to do in English also, a very hard task these days. I would love to see part of my work reflected in a book or in many books. Since I have some sort of obsession with the notion of transcending, I see books as a very effective way of transmitting knowledge from generation to generation. The fact that I chose engineering for my bachelor degree and that I studied electronics for more than four years does not scare me to move in a very different direction. My current job is about engineering, but I do not see that as an obstacle to leave behind in order to focus on a subject that I have discovered since I graduated from college. Having chosen the MSTM Program is, perhaps, the first step. I already experienced some work environments that were not about technology and I felt thrilled. Interdisciplinary work is something that we are all starting to integrate into our daily routine, whether we like it or not. We live in a very complex world and our working experiences are becoming more and more challenging and for that reason we need more tools. Maybe the most important subject I have learned during the LLL I classes is Emotional Intelligence (E.I.) 4 . Being able to succeed in the four dimensions 5 of the E.I. appears to be a very difficult task, but not impossible. This is a part of my vision that has begun with the initiation of this class. I realized that having accomplished those four dimensions and excelling at them is part of that ideal reality that composes my vision. I wish to be in a work environment where these four dimensions can lead me through the most demanding situations. I would like to see my future job, whatever this will be, as a real challenge, not just an excuse to spend some time while I make money from it. I would love to combine these daily tests from my future job with my passions and make some sort of integral life experience, with both together, all the time. We usually forget that there is always a chance to enjoy what we do everyday. It is a choice. It is very peculiar that we, most of the time, opt not to make the choice and see our daily schedule as a painful road. Back in the academic arena, I think I would also enjoy being part of a program’s management, either as director or simply as an advisor. There are many very relevant roles in all universities and I think those positions are a very subtle combination of leadership in many aspects. Knowledge, expertise, long-term vision, empathy, systems perspective are only a few of that kind of leader’s characteristics. I would also love to have the chance of combining these academic activities with one of my strongest passions, if not the strongest, which is traveling. Trips work on me as boosters that motivate me in all the different aspects of my life and often give me the inspiration to come up with great ideas. In some way, I sometimes feel I need to escape from my day-to-day reality and see things from a very different perspective. In the years to come, it will not be about vacation, at least, not mainly about that, even though as time passes on, I will need more time to rest and relax. I think it will be more about disconnecting from my routine and submerging into new people, places, habits, cultures and ways of life. I have always enjoyed this. It transports me to a state of mind where money and material possessions do not really matter. It does not matter whether it is a very large city or a small town, a desert or a rain forest, ocean or lake; everything seems to be perfect in that moment. Sometimes it is about the people. Meeting them, getting to know them, understanding them, but sometimes it is not even that. It is just about sightseeing, about the landscapes, the weather and anything else that may be in the surrounding area. It is an absolutely pleasant feeling. It allows me to enjoy things such as nature, life, health or peace of mind in a very profound manner. We are constantly talking about globalization, global markets, world economy, but we do not see the world as a whole. We usually pay too much attention to the fragments and the fact that we are all human and we all live in the same planet makes us much more similar to each other than we realize. I think it is time to start seeing all of ourselves as citizens of the world. It is good to belong to one country and have feelings about it, but we should be more aware of the fact that we should all take responsibility for what is happening in our world and not in one particular nation, as we usually tend to see things. As part of my vision, I also see myself more involved with my community in the future. It is hard to imagine in what way this may happen, but I feel I will be prepared to give back part of my knowledge and experience. A non-profit organization could be an excellent arena to develop more leadership proficiency and, at the same time, to participate in something beneficial for something as extensive as mankind. I think it is a very important thing to be involved, to be part of and to be a central character in our own living. I want to be able to generate my own excitement. I want to have the main role in my own life’s movie. I do not want to be seen as an extra. Through smart decisions, I want to feel that I am also in the director’s role, leading others to succeed and help bring out the best of them. In other words, I would love to have a life full of variety and intensity. A life that would make a substantial difference and not just an elegant way for seeing years go by. I would like the majority of my life to be very demanding and a delight at its very end. I want to grow old as a happy person. As my Sage from within once said, â€Å"Make sure that when you close your eyes for the very last time, you do not want to go back and change something. Die for what you believe in and believe in what you would die for†. Research Papers on Reflections of A Young Career - Management EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBringing Democracy to AfricaThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

The Best Blogs That Keep You Up-to-Date

The Best Blogs That Keep You Up-to-Date If you put all present-day bloggers in one place, they can occupy the whole country, at least such countries, as Andorra or Vatican. The web is overcrowded with regular blogs and how the hell to find a prominent blog then? We tried to help you a bit and picked out blogs that will keep your finger on pulse. Each of the listed blogs is constantly updated with the latest news in a certain sphere. Career Opportunities Check these blogs to increase your chance of choosing the best occupation for you and getting a desirable well-paid job. Follow them to be familiar with new approaches to recruitment process, tips on how to stand out during job interviews and the ways to get a promotion. Simply Hired Blog This one is very handy. It is divided into categories – â€Å"job search tips,† â€Å"resumes,† â€Å"interview,† â€Å"career† – so that you can easily focus on what you currently need. No matter whether you are looking for a new job or want to develop as a professional in the company you already work at, this website will be helpful for you. The Muse Here, you can get advice on your current career or job search. What special about that blog is that it also contains the section dedicated to finding your passion in life. Such information will be useful for students who don’t know what profession to choose yet and for adults who are eager to change their career. Indeed The editorial staff of Indeed publishes reports on what jobs are currently popular, gives tips on what companies to join and provides with the predictions on what industries have huge potential to develop. They use statistical data from their job-seeking website that make their reports appear even more reliable. Lindsey Pollak Lindsey Pollak is â€Å"a millennial workplace expert† according to her own words and she really is. Her tips are extremely useful for students and young people as she know them better than they even know themselves. Lindsey also is a public spokesperson. If you are feeling too tired to read posts, you can listen to her interviews. Believe us, they are worth it. Penelope Trunk As a co-founder of Quistic, this lady has been around the block in finding her own career path and helping others with that. In her blog, Penelope discusses the ways of coping with challenges while working, such as getting-up early, and the ways to find the best occupation that fits you. Campus to Career by Kirk Baumann The name of this blog totally reflects its purpose which is to guide students through the challenges they meet on their career path. You’ll find a bunch of practical advice that is given in text or in a graphical form. The blog is frequently updated. Follow it to be aware of the latest news in the sphere. Idealist Careers What fascinating about this blog is that it fits everyone. There are many informational articles about career development. The category â€Å"Internship† is highly-recommended for students. From this section, you will know about available internships and tips how to get them. The Voice of Job Seekers by Mark Anthony Dyson This is not just a regular blog, however, we decided to mention it for several interesting features. First of all, you can find e-guide with job tips for 2018. Also, you have the ability to read other guides and resources that are mentioned on the blog for building up your career. Also, Mark Anthony Dyson, the founder, has his podcast so that you can listen to tips instead of reading. Careful Cents by Carrie Smith Nicholson Carrie Smith Nicholson, the blogger of Careful Cents, works with entrepreneurs and small businesses. If you are interested in founding a start-up, this is what you need. Follow the blog and become more decisive to start your own business. Education Schools and colleges have pre-agreed educational programs and this is the reason why some knowledge you get in educational affiliations can be out-of-date. So, you need to use other sources to learn about new features in industries you are interested in. The Ed Tech Round Up by Michael Karlin Though this website was completed for teachers, it can serve well for students, too. Michael Karlin who is the owner of the blog provides the readers with reviews on educational technologies and other essential information about education and technologies. He also suggests other sources to be smart and up-to-date. Eudemic On this blog, you can also find useful data for teachers and students. There is even a separate section called â€Å"Trends† in which you can get acquainted to current trends in studying and technologies. E-Learning Provocateur by Ryan Tracey Ryan Tracey is an eLearning Manager who writes about his own experience in higher education, eLearning and technologies. It is the case when a blogger learns himself by sharing information with readers. What this means is that Ryan Tracey says that the blog helps him to organize his own thoughts and make his thinking deeper. Technology Enhanced Learning Blog by David Hopkins David Hopkins is an eLearning Consultant who constantly shares his thoughts on various eLearning topics. The aim of this blog is to evolve, search for better ways to work and learn. Besides the blog, David also writes books and articles for other sources. Scholarships-Postitions Guess what you can find out from the blog? That’s right, the latest news on scholarships and free online educational courses. Also, you can keep track of internships in USA. The blog is regularly updated so that you should follow it in case you would like to get a scholarship, deepen your knowledge for free through online courses or look for an internship to start your career. Sholars4dev This doesn’t actually look like a blog but we couldn’t pass is by. This is an extremely helpful source for students who are in search of scholarships. You can find scholarships by categories which is really handy. And again, all information is up-to-date. Lifestyle Today, we’ve got so many opportunities to travel, to cook, to share, to write, haven’t we? However, sometimes having too many options leads to problems with making a choice. We’ve gathered several blogs that will inspire you on what to do, where to go, how to look and actually how to live. Hello Gemma Gemma’s blog is very nice. It is filled with high-quality pictures, interesting thoughts, ideas, recipes etc. There are several categories, such as beauty, food, lifestyle, interiors and vegan kitchen. Looks like Gemma is a very creative person and she has a lot to tell to the world. So, if you are looking for ideas on what to cook, where to travel, how to decorate your room, just visit Gemma’s blog! No doubts you’ll like spending time here. A Pair and a Spare Here, you can find a bunch of ideas for your personal style, for DIY, for interiors, for traveling, for creative activities, for fitness and so on. The blog has nice design and easy navigation. You can even be the part of it if you are looking for a writing job. 2 Cats and Chloe Though it can seem that the blogger’s name is Chloe, it’s not. Actually, the author is called Susan and Chloe is her dog’s name. That’s funny, isn’t it? The blog depicts personal experience of the author. Susan shares her own experiences in traveling, cooking, decorating. Her writing is easy and interesting to read. Check it out! Blue Perk by Freddy Rodriguez Primarily, this blog is about outfits and grooming. If you are interested in men’s fashion, you’ll be really interested to follow Freddy Rodriguez’s blog. Read tips and thoughts from Freddy and admire nice pictures. Barking Up The Wrong Tree Quite an unusual name for a blog, isn’t it? The author of this blog is Eric and according to his own words the blog brings you â€Å"science-based answers and expert insight on how to be awesome at life.† The blog is constantly updated but not every day because the articles are lengthy and high-quality. Writing such content takes some time. Music We don’t want to say much about music because you know all that well. Music is everywhere. Music is an important part of people’s lives. Follow the listed blogs to be aware of musical novelties. AR Factory This is one of the best blogs about various things happening in musical world. There are some categories on the website, such as music, interviews, news. Actually all these are related to music not only tagged â€Å"music.† If you would like to know about the latest hits and concerts, read this blog. For the Love of Bands This source provides you with data on new bands that are not popular yet but have good chance to become. Also, they can promote you if you have your own band. On this source, you can find reviews, industry tips, ideas for playlists. If you get tired from popular radio hits, this is what you need. Indietronica This one is specific. Indietronica focuses on new music genre which combines the elements of indie, electro, electronica, rock and pop. This blog contains information about bands, artists and tracks that are related to the genre of indietronica. Are you interested to hear something brand-new? Join the readership of this blog. KMM Reviews Are you looking for good reviews on music? Here they are. Read reviews and find new music you’d like. Guys form KMM Reviews always provide you with up-to-date data in industry. Also, you can submit new music on this source if you wish. AMBY AMBY is a great place for music lovers! This blog contains various interviews with artists and actors. Bloggers from AMBY always try to find content that attracts music fans. Find the latest news about music from here. Besides, AMBY already has many awards. Caesar Live N Loud On this blog, you are able to know about new music, new artists, mixtapes, read interviews and reviews. The blog is updated every day. The website has a comprehensive navigation and the bunch of attractive articles. That was all about the best blogs that keep you up-to-date for today. Hopefully, at least some of them will inspire you and help you with reaching your goals and fulfilling your dreams.

PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Assignment

PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT - Assignment Example Tutor Signature: Date: TABLE OF CONTENT Individual Development needs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Ways to implement these plans and outcomes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Strength and Weaknesses (SWOT Analysis)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Plan for future†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Objectives and targets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Opportunitie s in learning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Individual Development needs For succeeding in my career I found the importance of assessing my individual requirement through which I can move ahead. After completing my students, I got a job, where I experienced the difficulty in establishing my place within my team due to the big personalities present in the team. I felt that my contribution was not accept ed by the other team members and I feel de-motivated. As the project progressed I found that I was able to fulfill some important roles in my team. I was appointed the role of an organizer. I got this role because I pay attention towards the duty and check the work before its submission in order to know whether it is of high standard or not. When I got the individual work I complete it according to my set standards, and within the time frame, but whenever I get the work within the group I face the problem. I assess the while working in a group I faced many problems and challenges. But there was some positive points like team members motivate me to move ahead and do my best in the team when the situations become tedious. While working with the team I learn that team spirit is the important factor, as it is essential in working on a group task. I analyze that at some places I don’t get motivated by others, so I found that I need to be motivated by the other team members during the session of the project (Bergan and Damian 2010). While working in a group I analyzed that I have the peace maker capabilities in order to reduce the conflicting situations that usually occur when people work in a group. Conflicts usually create hindrance in the productivity. At the time of conflict I analyze that I become the mediator and try to bring the things at smoother level. I use my peace maker characteristics in reducing the conflicts that affect the team member at different angles. Ways to implement these plans and outcomes Personal action plans make the things easier and gives the way of handling the problems. I made my action plan throughout that define my present state of the problem, and for that I set some objectives, which will help me in planning my actions. I have allotted this time, so that I could manage my problem within the time limit. In my personal action plan, I define my three problems, such as lack of innovative ideas, managing difficult projects, and p roblem of changing the plans. I reviewed that through some course I can revise my concepts, which help me in generating new ideas for improving my professional life. I was allotted the time of 2 months, as I believe that my course would complete within 2 months. In my higher education, I

Critical View of On the Equality of the Sexes by Judith Sargent Murray Essay

Critical View of On the Equality of the Sexes by Judith Sargent Murray - Essay Example Critical View of â€Å"On the Equality of the Sexes† by Judith Sargent Murray This essay opens with a poem which expresses Judith feelings towards oppression and education for women. It further stresses how the society silences women and how the male chauvinists disregard women. She expresses her frustrations when she say men thinks that women appreciate and love little thighs that do not matter when in real sense they appreciate and love similar things that men do. Judith exhibited high degree of intelligence which her parents noticed during her younger age and encouraged her to study with her brother. According to Smith, gender bias was creation of our founding fathers and mothers. Notably, the Declaration of Independence in the America gave an impression that men were born equal and free and could only be governed at their own will. In the nineteenth century, women increasingly participated in various efforts to improve their social status, rights and defend their place in the society. The very first women rights movement emerged from shared sense of discontents facing many women. They capitalized on women antislavery experience and in 1850’s they joined hands in promoting broad agenda for married women to acquire property rights. Judith Sargent Murray was born in Massachusetts, Gloucester in May 1751from a wealthy family that engaged in trade in both West Indies and England. Judith grew up with her brother, Winthrop who was educated b y her parents in order to go to Harvard. However, Judith only received rudimentary education and basic needlework in preparation for marriage. This discriminatory treatment irritated her and eventually she chose to dedicate herself to advocacy for women education and equal rights in male chauvinist society (Murray 134). Judith was married to John Stevens in 1769. She made proper use of her family extensive resources which enable her turn her quest of knowledge and love of reading into a prolific writing career. When Stevens was away, Judith published her first essay titled â€Å"Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility of Encouraging a Degree of Self-Complacency, especially in Female Bosoms†Ã‚  in 1784. Stevens died in 1786 and she was married by John Murray in 1988 with whom she had two children. In 1790’s she wrote for Massachusetts Magazine an essay titled, â€Å"On the Equality of the Sexes†. Others include â€Å"The Gleaner,† that focused on citizenship, federalism, abilities, virtue and female education, â€Å"The Repository,† that emphasized on reflection, philosophy and Universalists subjects. When Judith and her husband moved to Boston, she was offered a column in a biweekly newspaper called Federal Orrery. However, she only submitted five essays and eventually had to cut ties with the newspaper when she received a backlash after allegations that her husband John did most of the writing. This essay compares and contrasts the various critical views of, â€Å"On the Equality of the Sexes† essay. This essay opens with a poem which expresses Judith feelings towards oppression and education for women. It further stresses how the society silences women and how the male chauvinists disregard women. She expresses her frustrations when she say men thinks that women appreciate and love little thighs that do not matter when in real sense they appreciate and love similar things that men do. This is one of the bases of â€Å"O n the Equality of the Sexes†Ã‚  in which she tries to depict how men and women are equal both rationally and intellectually hence the need to be taught the same way as they grow up (Mays 78). The essay also challenges the notion that men possess greater intellect than women. In this respect, Judith argues that

Trust of leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trust of leadership - Essay Example Trust is the only way to make people follow you, thus every leader should do his/her best to gain trust. First of all, it is important to understand that trust depends on healthy communication. Leaders should be able to listen and promote honesty in workplace relations. In every company communication is a tool to create understanding between employees and senior managers (Lord et al, 1986). Leaders should improve their communication skills in order to establish healthy relationships with employees. Relations at the workplace should be based on the mutual respect and ethical principles established in the organization. Leaders should take care about workplace ethics as it should be among the top priorities. â€Å"Most people don't know how to think about the organizational and societal consequences of low trust because they don't know how to quantify or measure the costs of such a so-called "soft" factor as trust. For many, trust is intangible, ethereal, unquantifiable. If it remains that way, then people don't know how to get their arms around it or how to improve it. But the fact is, the costs of low trust are very real, they are quantifiable, and they are staggering† (Covey). In order to make people trust you it is essential to try to meet their needs. A leader should help workers feel comfortable at the workplace. Many people appreciate responsive leaders, who do not stay indifferent to their needs and remember that people are not robots. It is a real art and not an easy task for leader to be responsive and exacting at the same time, but all of the leaders should try to manage this art and adopt the way of behavior that would allow them to gain employees’ trust and not to lose authority at the same time. â€Å"The job of a leader is to go first, to extend trust first. Not a blind trust without expectations and accountability, but rather a "smart trust" with clear expectations and strong accountability built into the process. The best leaders al ways lead out with a decided propensity to trust, as opposed to a propensity not to trust† (Covey  ). Leaders often make serious mistakes by making decisions themselves not sharing their plans with the employees. People usually do not like to follow orders not knowing what they are taking efforts for. They want their employers to value their creativity and to provide them with the opportunity to express it. All the important decisions taken by the leaders of the company should be agreed with the employees. If employees take part in the decision- making process, they will understand that their leaders trust their opinion and, moreover, they need it. That will make employees trust their leaders and believe in them (Lord et al, 1986). The main task of a leader is to make his/her subordinate believe that they are working for both the benefit of the company and their own benefit. In every organizing there should be a spirit of a goal that is the one for everybody and everyone sho uld try to do his/her best to achieve this goal. Employees should believe that reaching the goal of the company will help them reach their own goal and this is the guarantee of success (Lord et al, 1986). Trust is the most important component in leadership. Employees who trust a leader will follow all his/her requirements. The performance of the company will also gain if employees trust their leader. Thus, leaders should take effort to make employees tr

Hanover-Bates Chemical Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hanover-Bates Chemical Corporation - Case Study Example District 1, 2 and 7 performances got little profits as they surpassed their gross profit quote a little (Spiro, et. al, 2008). The performance of northeast district as compared to other districts is constantly low. Other districts performed better than the set target or a little low, while northeast district performed very low. The sale of the northeast district is high, but profits are low if it is accessed in comparison with northeast central (Spiro, et. al, 2008). So, in totality, northeast district is continuously performing low as compared with other districts. Jim Sprague is quite less experienced as the new sales manager of the northeast district. However, the company’s management has trust in his skills. Hank Carver, an experienced and appreciative sales representative is interested to quit his job. The northeast district has poor performance and is unable to meet the gross profit quote. The district is not capable take benefit of potential future accounts. Their sales representative pay expenses are higher as compared to other districts. The sales representatives of northeast district have elevated own selling operating expenses. Northeast district is short of paying attention to major and medium ranged accounts (Spiro, et. al, 2008). Management’s role in improving poor performance in the northeast district is very crucial. The management should support Jim in his task by appointing supporting experienced assistant. There should be a biyearly analysis of the district in comparison with other districts. There should be incentives for outclass performers to motivate sales reps. The management should be revise its standards for the poor performing districts. Jim Sprague should install a monitoring system for the evaluation of expenses related to sales representatives (Spiro, et. al, 2008). He should conduct meetings to inform the sales reps about their elevated salaries in comparison to the sales reps of other districts and

Ethno-tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethno-tourism - Essay Example Even though ethno-tourism is one of the most significant sources of revenue for developing countries, it has attracted so much criticism from human rights activists. According to the critics, ethno-tourism is the exploitation of the uncontacted tribes as they are used by the governments and tourism planners for economic purposes and they are not given any benefits in return. Other critics also suggest that the exposure of the uncontacted tribes to the outside world can endanger their society from a number of aspects. The following paper will evaluate the criticism against ethno-tourism, the opportunities it provides for the developing economies and the impacts it has on the culture and society of the uncontacted tribes. IMPACTS OF ETHNO-TOURISM Developing countries like those in Africa and Asia earn significant revenues from ethno-tourism. Tourists from all around the globe seek opportunities for ethno-tourism therefore countries that provide ethno-tourism are considered to be some o f the most sought after venues for the tourists. Ethno-tourism attracts a large number of tourists because it is a unique kind of tourism. ... Ethno-tourism provides the tourists with the opportunity of initial contact with previously uncontacted people who live in ignorance of the outside world. These unconctacted people reside in tribes and their way of living provides a great example of the primitive way of living. Their rituals and traditions are unique and different from those of the modern world. Their culture and traditions make them an attraction for the tourists. One of the arguments presented in the text suggests that ethno-tourism should benefit both the visitors and the contacted tribal communities. There has been significant criticism over ethno-tourism and it has been said that ethno-tourism has negative impacts on the subject communities. One of the most prominent negative impacts of ethno-tourism on the uncontacted tribes is the social deterioration of the tribes. With the exposure to the economic system set up by the modern world, the uncontacted tribes that reside in the primitive manner may become affecte d. Their society may deteriorate with the rise in the economic divisions within the tribes. Even though tourists are highly attracted towards unseen cultures and ways of life and ethno-tourism generates high amounts of revenue, the impacts on the subject tribal communities give rise to a dilemma. From one perspective, ethno-tourism is a great opportunity for the tourists to observe the primitive way of living, and from another perspective, ethno-tourism is the exploitation of the uncontacted tribes as the interests of the tourists are considered and not that of the tribes. Individuals who criticize ethno-tourism oppose the use of such tribal communities for commercial purposes. The arguments presented to support the criticism are that; the individuals from the tribal communities are not

Hanover-Bates Chemical Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hanover-Bates Chemical Corporation - Case Study Example District 1, 2 and 7 performances got little profits as they surpassed their gross profit quote a little (Spiro, et. al, 2008). The performance of northeast district as compared to other districts is constantly low. Other districts performed better than the set target or a little low, while northeast district performed very low. The sale of the northeast district is high, but profits are low if it is accessed in comparison with northeast central (Spiro, et. al, 2008). So, in totality, northeast district is continuously performing low as compared with other districts. Jim Sprague is quite less experienced as the new sales manager of the northeast district. However, the company’s management has trust in his skills. Hank Carver, an experienced and appreciative sales representative is interested to quit his job. The northeast district has poor performance and is unable to meet the gross profit quote. The district is not capable take benefit of potential future accounts. Their sales representative pay expenses are higher as compared to other districts. The sales representatives of northeast district have elevated own selling operating expenses. Northeast district is short of paying attention to major and medium ranged accounts (Spiro, et. al, 2008). Management’s role in improving poor performance in the northeast district is very crucial. The management should support Jim in his task by appointing supporting experienced assistant. There should be a biyearly analysis of the district in comparison with other districts. There should be incentives for outclass performers to motivate sales reps. The management should be revise its standards for the poor performing districts. Jim Sprague should install a monitoring system for the evaluation of expenses related to sales representatives (Spiro, et. al, 2008). He should conduct meetings to inform the sales reps about their elevated salaries in comparison to the sales reps of other districts and

Strategic Management Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Strategic Management Practice - Assignment Example In the year 2012, Sony reported to its shareholders that the company experienced a substantial loss of over 67 billion Yen (Sony 2012). The year prior, in 2011, Sony had achieved another staggering loss of nearly 200 billion Yen which is a product of an inability to achieve revenue growth in a very saturated global competitive market with such companies as Samsung, Sharp, Sanyo and many other electronics producers. Sony, no longer sustaining a market position as pioneering and innovative company, faces substantial strategic problems in achieving growth and capturing the interests of very diverse global demographics to select Sony consumer electronics over that of competing product offerings. This report analyses the current competitive position of Sony Corporation, focusing on the specific strategic issues facing the firm, the goals the organisation should be constructing based on analysed market conditions, recommends strategic direction for the firm, and describes a performance management system that should be viable for developing the recommended strategy. To address the firm’s main issues, there are several models that can assist in conducting a thorough analysis of Sony. The company, due to its inability to innovate revolutionary products and competitive presence worldwide in the consumer electronics industry, has been unable to achieve competitive advantage. Barney (1991) provides the VRIO model, a strategy analysis that explores four dimensions of firm activity, these being rarity, value, inimitability and internal firm organisation. Value in this model is the extent to which a company has the capability of exploiting opportunities and to insulate itself from various competitive threats (Barney and Hesterly 2006). Value is measured on whether a firm’s total capital expenditures or labour investments are less expensive than the

Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) Essay Example for Free

Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) Essay In the recent Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA), orthopedic cases are projected to increase in the Trinity Hospital over the next five years. The assessment displayed that orthopedic cases are likely to flow from 11,800 to 17,338 (+46%); joint and spine procedures by 30%; and outpatient joint and spine procedures are expected to rise by 350%. The assessment highlighted the orthopedic services and the needs of the Trinity community. Some of the needs were shortage on physicians and specialist, gear, physical therapy services, and surgical suites. When looking at the business side of things you must understand supply demand. When demand rises and supply goes unchanged, a shortage will follow leading to greater costs equilibrium and if demand does not change and supply drops a short happens. This means there will be an increase in the overall revenue because of the rise in the demand for the orthopedic services. The community has a high demand for orthopedic services so it is and the population size for the aging community is growing so it is likely these services will be at an all-time high in five years. A recent needs assessment displayed that the current orthopedic cases are expected to rise 46%, with a 30% growth in inpatient joint and spine procedures. As expected outpatient joint and spine procedures are projected to grow by 350%. The orthopedic center is in a high demand area and the numbers show a defined market area within. There are also two private local hospitals in competition with very good orthopedics programs, which makes the need for Trinity’s to have a strong orthopedic program. Research shows that the main location is within the community with a projected population growth of 4%, this sets the demand for a quality orthopedic program to cover the growing community. The needs assessment shows that with an established orthopedic center, it is possible that we are able to provide everyone in the Trinity community with quality service for. It would be very feasible to develop the new center right away in order to meet the demands of the community and provide adequ ate treatment and services with adequate equipment. The orthopedic center development should allow us to incorporate an international trend of providing quality healthcare for all citizens in the community and spending less money. Regardless of the ability to pay we must also look into ways to reduce spending and still providing quality healthcare. The development of a plan that will allow patients to be treated despite financial ability  and health insurance could also help us meet the demand in the community. While our country does not offer a national healthcare system, our facility can incorporate the international trend. In addition to developing an integrated health system developing a selective groups of physicians and healthcare workers to provide adequate services. Currently there are two groups that are moving in the area. Fortunately one group has recently secured office space to open a branch of orthopedic practice on campus with the Trinity community, which helps us move to the integrated healthcare system. This benefit s the Trinity community by providing more services and quality programs to assist more patients. The ultimate goa at Trinity is to provide quality healthcare to all citizens of the Trinity community Robotic surgery and current digital equipment would be complementary to the new orthopedic center in surgical units. In addition to this we are able to accommodate the demands of orthopedic cases we deal with in the facility within our surgical units adequately. The development of the surgery facilities provide the advantage to recruit orthopedic groups that desire to be closer to Trinity and apply for privileges for the facility. There are currently twenty operating rooms that are equipped with the basic setup necessary to accommodate the orthopedic program. The rooms are equipped with two CT scanners, MRI scanner, X-ray, nuclear medicine, mobile PET scanner, and ultrasound services. The nursing staffs at Trinity are devoted and skilled which helps increase orthopedic nursing certification rate to 75% showing that this is a strong area in the facility. Although we may not be highly recommended the drive towards patient quality care it is a major part of the increase in demand of services. Even though all our service lines compliment the orthopedic program, it is clear that we can work hand- in- hand to develop a valued healthcare system and meet the demands, not only for patients but all hospital staff as well. The recent research shows that we could cut cost by building a new 5000 square foot physical therapy/rehab center adjacent to the Trinity campus. The new building costs estimates to about 600,000 verses 700,000 to purchase the space adjacent to the Trinity campus. In order to expand the services by adding a radiology department and have two MRI machines could cost approximately $3,000,000. Currently in the capital reserves we have 25,000,000 so this would be feasible for this service line expansion. Adding an orthopedic center could potential gain approximately 2100 new surgical cases and also gaining about 6500 visits in physical therapy. This can bring the profit margin to about $2,171,500. According to the five year projection plan, it is projected that there will be about $25,000 in gross charges per orthopedic surgical case. It is also clear that there is a $275 in gross charges per physical therapy treatment. 31% is the ratio of cost in charges when calculated. The Medicaid, Medicare and self- pay patients are at an all-time high right now so it is projected that the orthopedic program will increase in revenue and gain more pay-in patients. Developing a bundle payment program can allow the patient insured and uninsured an opportunity to get quality care and treatment in an affordable manor. A community hospital with the orthopedic center in it will be great in the future to help increase utilization, and also make-up for the decreased volume seen with the damage of the OB program and decay of general surgery volumes. An increase in the utilization could help our key financial indicators and also develop an effective profit plan for years to come. In order to increase the amount of specialists that are in the center we will need to target the patients who need total joint care. Developing a patient navigation system for these pacific patients can be a huge way to market the new service line to the community also coordinating care and appointments for the patients. This will also be a chance to provide physicians with the ability to sustain private practices and still work in the facility and have hospital privileges. It is suggested that we continue to work closely with those practices that are moving in the same direction as Trinity help outline the exact plan that has been developed for the marketing. A key marketing strategy that can be used in the marketing area is advertising. Highlighting the high quality services and giving the physicians satisfaction rate which is 90% could convince new patients to come to Trinity. Adding the orthopedic group adjacent to the Trinity campus, a referral service could be developed. The system should be set up as Trinity refers the orthopedic cases to the physicians group who will then in return refer all of their patients to the new orthopedic center for surgery, physical therapy, etc. Working directly with the physicians can give a more unified unit where everyone is able to benefit and also help increase their revenue equally among the practices and the hospital. Marketing can weigh in  on the expanding growth of the orthopedic specialists that are on staff and the new orthopedic center. Patients will be provided with referral information if the patient is in need for physician’s services on Trinity campus. We can also give referral for physicians who are not directly connected to the Trinity facility but have privileges at the facility. These physicians are able to use the referral services and in return refer patients to our facility and the new orthopedic center. Resources Kohn, L. T., Corrigan, J., Richardson, W. C., Donaldson, M. S. (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. McLaughlin, C. P., Kaluzny, A. D. (1999). Continuous quality improvement in health care: Theory, implementation, and applications. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Price Sensitivity

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Price Sensitivity Selling things are the focus of any business and to sell a product marketing is a key factor and main step to make people buy the product. In addition, the foremost thing under marketing is advertising, which is the only way with which you can change the perspective of the product in peoples mind. It is actually a form of communication intended to persuade and audience (viewers, listeners or readers) to purchase the product. The intention of actually enlightening on advertising is to know whether advertising has any impact on consumer price sensitivity or not. It does affect the consumer and their buying behavior but to what extent what are the variables and how this is effecting consumers sensitivity toward purchasing a certain product is been elaborated below. H0: Advertising Have an Impact on Willingness to Pay by a Consumer It is relevant to my article because of using demand curve to gather the impacts of advertising on consumer price sensitivity. In this paper The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Price Sensitivity in Experienced Goods Markets written by Tullen Erdem, Michael Keane, Baohong Son (2007), four categories of consumer goods are considered to examine how TV advertising and other marketing activities affect the demand curve facing a brand. Advertising affects consumer demand in many different ways. The authors observed in this article, that advertising is a reason to fall consumers price sensitivity for a particular brand. To understand how advertising effects price sensitivity one needs to estimate how it shifts the shape of the demand curve, which means estimating a demand system for all brands. Estimation of demand among four products, resulting one had a different response in WTP and that is because of focusing on one distinctive feature of the product. The effects of advertising on the shape of the demand curve depend on vertically or horizontally differentiated (attributes) of the product. Advertising stresses on vertical (claims marginal consumers) and horizontal characteristics (a brand perceived as having an advantage) will increase WTP most for those infra-marginal consumers. A supermarket scanner data used on four product categories to examine how advertising use experience, price, promotional activity in the determination of demand. Advertising affect the price elasticity of demand in two different ways: Firstly, advertising affect the limits of the demand functions of individual consumers more or less price sensitive, secondly advertising may affect the number of the set of consumers. The toothpaste and toothbrush panels cover 157 weeks including households in Chicago and Atlanta while ketchup and detergent panels cover 130 weeks included households in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and Springfield. Weekly advertising intensity measures gross saving points for each brand in the market and 60% of households linked to TV ads for last 51 weeks restricted only who bought 3 times over the period. The toothpaste panel contains 345 households who made 2880 purchases, toothbrush panel contains 167 households who made 621 purchases; detergent panels contains 581 households who made 3419 purchase and ketchup panel contains 135 households who made 1045 purchases. Advertising provides more soft information in the ketchup category (differentiated horizontally e.g. thickness in Heinz) and more hard information (vertically differentiated like quality, such as cavity fighting power in toothpaste, removal of plaque in toothbrush and cleansing power in detergent) and is obvious that nat ure of ad varies according to product. Advertising is more likely to increase price sensitivity and lead to more pro- competitive effects when the hard information is in advertising (e.g. relative quality information) rather than soft (e.g. image oriented). All products observed by different brands of same category by market share, mean price, ad frequency, display frequency, feature frequency and mean coupon availability. The statistics are in this way that there are three kinds of variables, like percentage of purchases (covers brand loyalty), ad viewing habits, and willingness to pay with reference to prices that offered. For all 18 brands, advertising reduces price sensitive but increases the prices. Advertising is not profitable because it lowers the elasticity of demand, but lifts the level of demand. The more the noisy signs of product attributes in advertisements have lower variance alternative and have greater WTP while non-risky consumers have higher variance even for the same features. This relates to the view that non-price advertising affect differently due to consumers diverse tastes. Advertising raises the level of demand by increasing the equilibrium price elasticity and decreasing the equilibrium price. Price advertising and non-price advertising affects the demand curves by costs of gaining information related to price, types of consumers and consumers tastes that visits the stores. People who are less sensitive to price are uncertain about attributes. Price advertising affects stores demand curves differently if consumers have different costs of acquiring price information, and differe nt types of consumers visit each store. It means that advertising is complimentary to consumption and is consistent with models where advertising increases WTP for a brand by producing artificial differentiation and conveying information about brand attributes Variables: Brand choice, Information and market power, Quality of the brand, Existence of the brand, Heterogeneity of consumers tastes, Attributes of the brand, Awareness of substitutes, Ad design, Brand differentiation, Barriers to entry and Experience. H0: consumer price sensitivity moderated by brand credibility This article How Advertising Influences Brand Credibility and Consumer Price Sensitivity written by Tulin Erdem, Joffre Swait, Jordan Louviere (2001), connects with my topic in this way that it explains the implication brand credibility of an advertised brand on consumer price sensitivity. Every brand has different affects on consumers on various stages on their decision of choices of a brand. It passes through different utility functions. The paper enlightens the fact, brand effects with information economics depth to analyze whether consumer price sensitivity, consumer valuation of a products overall attractiveness or utility, has an impact by brand credibility, after making a choice of a brand by advertising. The impact of brand credibility on consumer price sensitivity across class that absorbs different levels of consumer ambiguity, four different types of products utility analyzed which are Frozen concentrated juice (Dole, Minute Maid, Sunkist, Tropicana and Welshs); Jeans (Cal vin Klein, Gap, Lee, Levis, Wranglers); Shampoos (Clairol, Herbal Essence, Pantene Pro- V, Pert Plus, Salon Selective) and Personal computers (Apple, Compaq, Dell, Gateway, IBM) Two types of data relevant the hypothesis; firstly, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to obtain brand credibility of the most advertised brands at individual level in each of the four categories; and secondly, by price manipulations of the same brand to know the credibility. Subjects rated all five brands individually to estimate the credibility by them and completed a simple pricing choice experiment involving 17 choice sets in each of two product categories in addition to this, there was a distracter task that includes questions regarding their personal values to minimize the chances of linking two tasks. These four products chosen subjects could relate to them. They asked to assess how confident they would feel measuring new products in 21 different product categories before trial, after one trial and after a year of use (using 7- point agree/disagree scales) These results suggested that, as a group, the subjects viewed frozen juice concentrate more as a search good, jeans and shampoo as more short- to medium-term experience goods, and a PC as a longer-term experience good. Subjects in the pre-test (n = 31), main and supplementary (n = 170) surveys were undergraduate students at two major North American universities. Final sample sizes for the main survey were, respectively, 221, 232, 217 and 198 for juice, jeans, shampoo and PCs. The main survey took approximately 35-40 minutes to complete. Brand credibility decreases price sensitivity but the intensity of the consumers choices differs with products. The emphasis is on the product category factors that could affect the impact of brand credibility on price sensitivity. Consumer characteristics also might determine the level of impact of brand credibility and price sensitivity. Observed results suggest that the interaction between brand price and credibility is heterogeneous, which suggests that it is likely to be associated with consumer specific characteristics and the level of advertisement occur in certain period. These types differ in consumer uncertainty about product attributes plus in specific features in categories that affect sensitivity to uncertainty. It argues on the impact of price on consumption of a credible brand when there is asymmetric information through advertising. Economic framework suggests that brand credibility moderates price sensitivity under uncertainty. In high latent risk and high involvement categories, in which consumer purchase decisions may be quite complicated, the predicted effect was bigger. Price effects strongly recommend that credibility offer number of consumer benefits, which decreases price sensitivity. Variables: Brand credibility (trustworthiness, expertise, usage), Brand choice, Product category, Product attributes, Brand name and Consumer benefits. H0: online medium effects consumer price sensitivity more than offline medium To see the impact of online advertisement on advertising price sensitivity is the reason behind choosing this article. According to article The online medium and consumer price sensitivity written by Venkatesh Shankar, Arvind Rangaswamy, Michael Pusater (1999), paper explains a logical framework regarding the assumption that internet increases price sensitivity and intensify price competition and factors characterizing the online medium, consumers and intermediaries to explain the main reasonable effects of the online medium in price sensitivity. The articles inspect two main aspects of price sensitivity, the intensity of customer attaches to price relative to other attributes (Price importance and price search). About 1/4th of revenues in online shopping industry come from travel services, data set 1comprises of both medium but specified only to Marriott international and a same with data set 2 for making different hotel reservation but for any hotel chose by the respondent with same questionnaires. They asked questions regarding most recent online reservation and most recent offline reservations. Investigation in data set 1extends from the brand level to the product category level and overcomes problems due to self- selection bias in data set 1, to reduce impartiality, the differences in the frequency of shopping between the samples accounted for analysis. For data set 1 primary data collected for the customers of Marriott international and comparing the attitudes and behavior demographically to the population that differ in the medium usage, examine the online medium moderation on price sensitivity and lastly stresses the effects of website factors on price sensitivity. For offline medium consumers questionnaires mailed to customers through Marriott international customers data while for online customers, the survey posted on Marriotts website with a new tag. Only 214 form online and 306 from offline usable recipients (15%) enabled to respond. Data set 2 had to go through a test provided by hospitality sales and marketing association international and customers chose on the basis of using both online and offline medium, Receiving 144 responses from a sample of 2000 customers randomly selected from the list, who chose hotel both online and offline (a response rate of 7.2%) Talking about online medium factors interactivity and perceived depth of the message helps dampen price importance but at the same time ease of price search increases price importance, content and information interactivity does not give any significant result. Using an intermediary and product/price bundling increases price comparison and price importance. Brand loyalty and time value reduces online price search. Looking at offline medium, the perceived range of option does not diminish price importance or price search; but price search reduce because of product/price bundling by an intermediary. Price comparisons using intermediaries has a much stronger impact on price search offline than online. For both sets, the result is consistent as the online and offline models are similar. Online medium effects price importance more because Highlights the range of product options and price bundling by an intermediary to diminish the price importance then it put emphasis on brand loyalty which decreases price search and the effect of price comparison by an intermediary and lastly it is easier to search for price information which reduces the search cost and time as well. Price/product bundling proves to be a strategic advantage for the firms, more online than offline. The price comparison using intermediaries will be more beneficial if online intermediaries are used and provide proper service/ good description with prices and get it linked to the other sites as well. Variables: Price search, Price importance, Price information, Non-pricing advertising, Web-site design, Targeting distribution, Brand loyalty, value of time, frequency of shopping, Alliance strategies, Online attributes price importance influence by medium- product category, demographics. H0: Advertising Effects Evaluates In Three-Dimensional Space of Product (Experience, Affect, Cognition) This paper named How Advertising Works written Demetrios Vakratsas, Tim Ambler (1999) by related to my topic in this way that it talks about the impacts of advertising on consumers which helps observe what features of ads influences consumer behavior or changing their buying behavior. The authors gather the information about how advertising affects the consumer. Advertising effects classified into intermediate effects, for example, on consumer beliefs and attitudes, and behavioral effects, which relate to purchasing behavior, for example, on brand choice. The authors propose that advertising effects studied in a space, with affect, cognition, and experience as the three dimensions. The EAC Space adjusted according to the context: product category, competitive environment, other marketing mix components, stage of the product life cycle, and target audience. The article has reviewed former research of intermediate and behavioral effects of advertising using models from market response. Advertising can be estimate in a three-dimensional space using the dimensions of experience, affect, and cognition (the EAC Space). The coordinates of the three dimensions can verify the importance of a specific advertising promotion. The article have classified and reconsider preceding research of intermediate and behavioral effects of advertising using a arrangement of models preliminary from market response and ending with integrative and nonhierarchical models. The principal overview concerned the persuasive hierarchy (CA) category of models of advertising effects. Although such models dynamically engaged for 100 years but still flawed on two bases: the concept of hierarchy on which its origin cannot empirically sustained, and have eliminated experience effects. The article suggest that behavioral (brand choice, market share) and cognitive and affective (beliefs, attitudes, awareness) directed industry to analyze the edge of context, intermediate effects, and long- and short-term behavior. In this attempt, determination of affective reactions from cognitive partiality evaluated and this is especially important for low-involvement products for which habit and affect are much more important than cognition. On the contrary, it is safe to say that effects of advertising can calculated by (EAC) space of any product but the dimensions can vary from product to product and hence the importance of dimensions as well. Variables: Consumers beliefs, Consumers attitudes, Purchasing behavior, Brand choice, Ads goal diversity, Product category, Competition, Stage of product cycle, Target market, Market share and Awareness H0: Price Advertising Positioning Tactics Increases Brand Equity, Price Importance and Consumer Price Sensitivity H1: Non-Price Advertising Positioning Tactics Decreases Brand Equity, Price Importance and Consumer Price Sensitivity The article The impact of advertising positioning strategies on consumer price sensitivity written by Ajay Kalra and Ronald C. Goodstein (1998) examines the relationship of brands positioning strategies through advertising with consumer price sensitivity. The authors examine the link between advertising and price effects and that this bond depends on the definite advertising positioning strategies. The advertising has different objective, depending on the competitive perspective of the brand and others positioned to narrow the supposed difference between brands. The authors recognize that price- oriented advertising raises sensitivity while non-price oriented advertising decreases sensitivity. Non-price advertising examines two tactics that fail to increase brand price equity: value-oriented positioning, attribute (meaningless) differentiation, while comparative tactics increase price importance and sensitivity at the category level. In addition, findings bring about that advertising effectiveness measured at both the brand and category levels. The hypothesis tested in two experiments transversely different product categories, entailing that advertising effectiveness must extend other than brand rate related to attitude. Testing of how non-price advertising positioning strategies affect brand equity, price importance, and category price sensitivity. Opposing to the accepted vision, numerous types of non-price positioning tactics can diminish equity and increase price sensitivity. Ninety graduate students at a major west coast university volunteered to contribute in experiment carry out in one of four experimental surroundings and as an incentive for $100 lottery given. They asked to analyze a rough advertisement for a new product and under high-involvement, circumstances and advertising positioning varied without the alteration in the brand attribute information in the advertising copy. The experiment designed within one factor and four level of advertisement positioning. An advertisement can have particularly dissimilar effects at each level like at comparative level will be beneficial for minor brands but not for premium brands, because it will increase price sensitivity for whole product category. The results also suggest that brand equity and advertising effects must assess in terms of both attitudes and behavioral manifestation. Pricing effects happen because of advertising, when attitudes extracted from the analysis. Nevertheless, the case is different in low involvement where meaningless attribute positioning and celebrity endorsements could significantly affect brand equity and category price sensitivity. Emotional appeals and fear appeals as attitudinal effects also influence advertisements in a cognitive manner. On this note, the conclusion made that non-price advertising positioning strategies affect brand equity, price importance, and price sensitivity and promotional price advertising increases price sensitivity, whereas non-price advertising decreases price sensitivity. Several types of non-price positioning tactics can decrease equity and increase price sensitivity and brand equity measures extend beyond attitudes and include the ability to demand a premium price. Variables: Advertising- positioning strategies, Brand equity, Celebrity endorses positioning, Meaningless attribute differentiation, unique features positioning, Brand comparison and Value positioning H0: Price Sensitivity is Measureable The paper Price Sensitivity Measurement written by Robert C. Lewis and Stowe Shoemaker (1997) elaborates on the measurement of price sensitivity through hospitality industry, to see the determinants of price sensitivity are the reason of choosing this article. Instead of using price methods on trial basis and error to determine the right price for products or services, a hotel or restaurant operator can use a relatively simple survey tool to measure customers price sensitivity. The prices for services faces at least three complicating factors: Customers often have inaccurate or limited reference prices (i.e. right prices) for services, they use price as a key signal for quality and monetary price is the only cost for service customers. Reference prices have complicated the different needs of customers in two ways: The interpretation of price (value based) on the buyers view and the relationship between price and value. A price sensitivity measurement determines how consumers percepti ons of the value affected by the interaction of price and quantity. A study conducted in which consumers asked to state the highest and lowest prices to which they purchase selected inexpensive items, showed that price act as a quality indication but not an absolute barrier to purchase. Actually, the price sensitivity measurement examines price perceptions by determining levels of customers resistance as they relate to perceived quality and the market range of acceptable prices for a specific product or services. Authors examined the application of the price sensitivity measurement model (PSM) to the association meeting market. The five components of our hypothesis are as follows: firstly, a point at which hotel room rates considered cheap or expensive; the price considered too cheap and quality questioned; no matter what the quality and price is, it is too expensive and purchase is beyond consideration and lastly a way to measure the above points. In addition, these are the questions to analyze the value of a product or service. The last two questions are actually to measure the optimal price point. Room rates are a definite factor in the meeting planners purchase decision. The hypothetical situation considered was to plan an annual convention for organization to hold in Des Monte with expected attendance of 300- 500 attendance, which will last four days, and hosted in first class hotel. Rooms single occupied and participants will stay at the same hotel and the chosen (four) hotels without a ny prior experience. Final decision based on four questions and the design made with two objectives in mind: to minimize the intervening variables that might enter into the situation, thereby affecting their respondents and expect respondents to projects their associations needs and into the situation. Survey to send to a random sample of 443 association-meeting planners and received 115 usable responses (constituting 33% response rate). The study has indicated the existence of a range of acceptable prices for meeting planners. it can be helpful in determining to compare the perception of specific brands, the competition and variables within a product line. The result showed that the price sensitivity measurement technique could most likely apply to the hotel industry though there is no basis for interpreting the results. It could give the indifferent point, an indifference percentage, and an optimum pricing point, a stress level and a range of acceptable prices on lodging industry benchmarks with which to compare those values. In addition, the conclusion made that some meeting planners have in mind threshold prices outside of which price will inhibit their decisions to purchase. The degree to which they are price sensitive (respondents) is difficult to determine. Variables: Quality, Product features, and consumers perception of value H0: An increase in non-price advertising leads to lower price sensitivity among consumers H1: The use of price advertising leads to lower prices H2: An increase in price advertising leads to higher price sensitivity among consumers The paper Empirical Generalizations about the Impact of Advertising on Price Sensitivity and Pricewritten by Anil Kaul and Dick R. Wittink (1995), is linked to my topic in this way that this paper have made generalization statements which works as a medium for measuring the impact of advertising on consumer price sensitivity. The term empirical generalizations suggest the same results comes out in different circumstances and are gathered on outcomes from varied marketing strategies and the result will help estimating the price insensitivities and making a strategic decision about market segmentation, price-marketing activities and competitive market strategies. Two types of advertising are Non-price advertising (national advertising) gives the information about the brand positioning and its intentions to communicate about the characteristics (unique) of the brand and Price advertising (local characteristics) gives the information related to price and availability of the brand. A chan ge in price sensitivity is measured either by Researchers employing experiments (interaction between advertising and price) or by econometric researchers (use price elasticity). It generates a set of three empirical generalizations after studying the previous marketing methods: The approach is to analyze the characteristics and results of previous studies providing explanations on the relevance of these generalizations means the relationship between advertising and price sensitivity observed by an overview of 18 studies. The observations made from a large set of products e.g., new products, mature products, consumer (non-durables) and durables, services with identification the type of product, the number of brands, the type of advertising, the measure of advertising and price sensitivity, and the type of interaction (result). Three implications considered to assess the link between advertising and price sensitivity: Firstly, the difference between price sensitivity of current consumers from additional consumers attracted by increased advertising. Secondly, the measurement of price sensitivity whether aggregate (price elasticity) or disaggregate (brand choice to price) data. Third consideration is about target market. If market were highly price-sensitive, t hen the ceiling effect would be a partial effect of price advertising on sensitivity but if it is of price-insensitive, non-price advertising will slightly influence the price receptiveness. The results specify that in nine studies price sensitivity increases with higher advertising, in seven studies it decreases with higher advertising, and in two cases both effects are attained. Considering only those cases where at least three studies have provided the same result. Focus is on the area of price advertising as moderators such as market share, similarity of brands characteristics or benefits, product life cycle, and the number of competitors, in affecting this relationship and is large enough to alter the brand choice. Moreover, creates variation on price sensitivity due to increase advertising from 20% to 180%. Considering this fact that product-related and other factors that affect the amount of change in price sensitivity in such situations, the conclusion is that non-price advertising reduces the price sensitivity( accepts H0 ) and falsifies H1 and H2. Variables: Brand positioning, Product information, Product differentiation, Brand loyalty, Brand choice, Product market level, Type of product (new products, mature products, consumer nondurables and durables, services), Advertising content, Market share, Similarity of brands characteristics or benefits, Product life cycle and Number of competitors. H0: Advertising Builds Market Power Similar to above article this article Price Sensitivity and Television Exposures written by Vinay Kanetkar, Charles B. Weinberg, Doyle L. Weiss (1992) elaborates the contradictory findings with regard to increases in brand advertising activities lead to increase /decrease in price sensitivity. Mentioning the lack of data to measure the revelation of ones households to advertisements and to restrain competitive activities has been a major limitation to date. This paper finds in high-level of publicity of the product, house- holds brands choice and price sensitivity can decrease for two frequently purchased products though it says that increased advertising linked with increase households brand choice and price sensitivity as well. For a number of decades researchers have been attempting to understand the impact of marketing mix variables (price and advertising) on sales (or market share) of purchased goods. However, the interaction of price and advertising has not completely measured. Set of models designed to examine the effects of advertisings on price sensitivity. Dry dog food accounts for about 60% of total consumer expenditures and eighteen of the 39 brands have large differences in advertising intensity with only one brand had a market share greater than 10%, there were 186 unique brand available to consumers. Because of so many brand choices, minor brands combined into aggregate brand categories. In addition, brand-sizes ignored for three reasons. First, television advertising focuses on brand benefits and does not deal with package size. Second, the package size decision is likely, not a purchase-to-purchase decision. Finally, for the sample households, more than 70% of the dog food purchases were for a package size of five pounds. To reduce the number of alternatives to a manageable size, brands grouped into aggregate categories according to the size of their market share of 5% and brands advertised and not advertised, so the number of alternative comes down to 11. All brands attributes compared to each other as alternative of others. A similar procedure applied to the aluminum foil data. The aluminum foil market (in the test city) was aggregated to consist of three brands or choice alternatives, one major brand, private brands, and generic brands. Only the major brand advertised on television and the results were similar of that dog food. The results are steady with the point of view that increased advertising is associated with increased brand choice and price sensitivity. In light of the effect of advertising on sales, several points noted. Firstly, the purchases vary in buying behavior of households and reflect only short run effects for advertising and the other mix variables. Price sensitivity effects are generally short-lived. In addition, results show that the indirect effects of advertising have an important effect on price sensitivity; usually that the immediate impact of advertising is still low as compared to that of other variables. In turn, the hypothesis is constant with the confirmation that the information conveyed to consumers may not be underpinned the distinct traits and attributes of a brand. Rather, advertising may be increasing consumers brand awareness, strengthen resemblance with other brands, and increasing price competition at the retail level. The interpretation of this means that good advertising that builds market power is difficult to develop and maintain. Variables: Brand choice, Market share, preferred brands, Direct competition, Awareness among consumers, Search costs, Brand equity, Display activities, and Brand loyalty. H0: Advertising diminishes the effect of Consumer Price Sensitivity